Programming language

​Programming tools and Technique

1. Many tools and techniques aid in writing good computer programs, two of which are algorithms and flowcharts.
   Algorithm

2. This is an outline step needed to solve a problem. Thus an algorithm should be clear, effective, and unambiguous. In addition, an algorithm should have input should produce output.

Computer Program & Programming Skills

BY Uchechukwu

Lesson Objectives

To describe a program
To identify types of program
To write program to solve problems

Biblical Integration

Gold or Silver I have not, but in the name of Jesus, stand up and walk.

Keywords

Programs
Software
Translators
Programmer

​Concept of Computer Program and Programming Language

If you want a computer to solve a given problem, you need a computer program.
A computer program is a sequence of related instructions (commands) that tell the computer how to accomplish a specific task.

​Program

1. A program can also be defined as a set of instructions that is executed by the CPU.

2. Programming is the act of writing a computer program.

3. Computer programs are written by trained and qualified people called programmers.

Computer Programming Language

1. A computer programming language is the language used to write instructions (commands) for the computer.

2. Programming language is a means through which a programmer communicates with the computer in solving different categories of problems.

3. It consists of a set of rules governing how the words in the language should be written (syntax) and the meaning associated with each word (semantic).

Types of Programming Language

Computer language falls into three broad categories
1. Machine Language (Binary)
2. Low-Level Language (Assembly language)
3. High-Level Language (HLL)

1. It requires the programmer to remember the numeric code of each instruction and the location of each data in binary form.
2. Also, machine language is machine dependent; that is to say that different machines have different language formats.

​Problems with Machines Language

This was the first generation programming language. A computer will only understand one language, which is machine language. There are two symbols in machine language; these are 1 and 0 generally called binary digits or bits.

Machine Language

Machine Learning

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1. It is machine dependent; the programmer has to know the numeric code for each machine
2. It slows to execute as compared to machine language

Problems with Assembly Language

Assembly is made of abbreviated commands we can assemble into machine code. Acronyms with words such as add (addition), sub (subtraction) and load (loading) are commonly used. Assembly language is closest to machine language and as a result, is called a low-level language. Assembly language cannot be directly executed by the computer, hence it requires a program called the assembler to convert assembly language to machine language

​Low-Level Language (Assembly Language)

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BASIC: Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
COBOL: Common Business Oriented Language
FORTRAN: FORmula TRANslation
ADA: Named after Ada Augusta
APL: A Programming Language
RPG: Report Program Generator
PL1: Programming Language 1
dBASE: Data Base
LISP: List Processor
PASCAL
JAVA
C++

Examples

These are programming languages that allow for the program to be written in forms that are readable to human beings. High-level languages are developed to overcome the limitations of machine and assembly languages. In high-level structure, a program is written in forms that resemble the statement of the given problem in English. High-level language can run on a different machine provided appropriate translators are installed.

High Level Language

Multiple Choice

What is machine code?

• A programming language that a computer understands

• The make and model of a computer

• The serial number of a computer

Open Ended

Describe an Interpreter, Assembler and Compiler

Open Ended

Describe Machine language, Low level language and High level language

Multiple Choice

Java, Python, PHP, and C++ are examples of

• low level languages

• Graphic arts languages

• medium level languages

• high level languages

Multiple Choice

Translators convert source code programs in ____ level languages to machine language.

• Low

• High

• Medium

• Moderate

Multiple Choice

What is the correct definition of an algorithm?

• An algorithm is a step by step instructions to solve a problem.
• An algorithm is a process of baking bread.
• An algorithm is a software used to compute numbers.
• An algorithm is the process of breaking problems.

Multiple Choice

What is a flowchart?

• A textual representation of algorithms.
• A graphical representation of algorithms.
• A cluster of different shapes.
• A program code written in Logo.

Multiple Choice

___ program is written in other programming languages and needs conversion into machine language.

• Translating

• Source

• Object

• Logical

Multiple Choice

Which of these is the set of rules that must be followed when typing code using a programming language?

• Syntax

• Value

• Expression

• Statement

Multiple Choice

Which of these is a series of instructions that solve a problem?

• Algorithm

• String

• Array

• Statement

Multiple Choice

A special program that translates source codes to machine language within loops is called

• Compiler.

• Interpreter.

• Converter.

• Changer.

Multiple Choice

What kind of programming language is Python?

• High Level  & Object Orientated
• Low Level & Object Orientated
• High Level & Procedural
• Low Level & Procedural

Multiple Choice

A person who writes code and communicates instructions to a computer.

• Code
• Programmer
• Command
• Program

Multiple Choice

Process of finding and fixing errors in the syntax so the computer program will run properly

• Bugs
• Sequence
• Debugging
• Command

Multiple Choice

Machine code can be represented in assembly language using:

• Mnemonics
• Pneumatics
• Nomanics
• Psychotics

Multiple Choice

An advantage of programming in High Level is

• Easier for us to understand
• Useful for device drivers
• Programs execute faster than other generations

Multiple Choice

A disadvantage of programming in Low Level is

• No technical skill is required
• Needs to be translated before it can be executed
• Difficult for humans to debug

Multiple Choice

Which of these is machine code?

• A

• B

Multiple Choice

QBasic, Java PASCAL are _______ level languages.

• High

• Low

• Assembly

Multiple Choice

Ada Lovelace is known as Worlds first computer programmer.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

A list of instructions that enable a computer to perform a specific task is a...

• Computer Program
• Algorithm
• Machine Code
• Binary Code

Multiple Choice

A language that requires no knowledge of the hardware or the instruction set of the computer is called...

• A High Level Language
• A Low Level Language
• Machine Code
• An Algorithm

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a high level programming language?

• Assembly
• C++
• Java
• Python

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not an advantage of using a low level language? 

• Makes more efficient use of primary memory.
• Tailor a program to a specific piece of hardware.
• To perform a task very quickly.
• To enable the program to be run on multiple platforms.

Multiple Choice

What is the name for the software used to convert an assembly language program into machine code?

• Assembler
• Interpreter
• Compiler
• Translator

Multiple Choice

The 3 main types of translators are...

• Assemblers, Compilers & Interpreters 
• Assemblers, Compilers & Converters 
• Assemblers, Scripters  & Interpreters 
• Converters, Scripters & Interpreters 

Multiple Choice

Which type of translator creates an executable file of machine code from a program written in a high level language? 

• Compiler
• Assembler
• Interpreter
• Executor

Multiple Choice

Software that translates and executes a high level language program one line at a time is known as a?

• Compiler
• Interpreter
• Assembler
• Executor

Multiple Choice

Assembly langauge is written using...

• Binary/hexadecimal

• English-like key words

• Plain English

• Abbreviated mnemonic keywords

Multiple Choice

Machine code is written using...

• Binary/hexadecimal

• English-like key words

• Plain English

• Abbreviated mnemonic keywords

Multiple Select

High level languages feature...

• English-like keywords

• Named subroutines

• No variables names

• Abbreviated command names

Multiple Select

Advantages of low-level languages include...

• Direct access to the CPU

• Programs written will often be more efficient than high-level programs

• Easier to remember programming commands

• Can use subroutines and advanced data structures

Multiple Select

Assembly language is better than machine code because...

• it is easier for humans to read

• it is easier to remember the instructions

• a person is less likely to make mistakes in assembly language

• it is written using English-like keywords

Multiple Choice

Binary codes are used in which of the following programming language

• Machine language

• Assembly language

• High level language

• None of above

Multiple Choice

The acronym for BASIC is

• Beginner’s All Symbolic Instruction Code

• Beginner’s All-purpose symbolic Instruction Code

• Believer’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

• Beginner’s All-purpose Synthetic Instruction Code

Multiple Choice

A program that changes high level languages into machine language is called

• translator

• BASIC

• java

• Pascal

Multiple Choice

All the following are examples of high level languages EXCEPT

• translator

• BASIC

• C++

• Pascal

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a language translator

• assembler

• compiler

• interpreter

• terminator

Multiple Choice

An outlined steps needed to solve problem is called

• flowchart

• algorithm

• start or end symbol

• direction of flow symbol

Multiple Choice

BASIC was developed by

• John Kemeny and Thomas Kutz

• Blaise Pascal and Charles Babbage

• Philip Emeagwali and Tim Berner-lee

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Who writes codes and instructions for the computer?

• Computer Engineer

• Programmer

• Network Administrator

• Bank Manager

Multiple Choice

Programming language that allows for a program to be written in forms that are readable to human beings is called

• Assembly language

• Machine language

• High level language

• all of the above