Matter and Its Interactions

Matter and Its Interactions
Integrated Science 1

Table of Contents: Matter and Its
Interactions

· What Is Matter?

· Mixing Substances

· Observable Properties of Matter

· The Conservation of Mass

What Is Matter?

Think About It:

Look around the classroom.

What objects in this classroom can be called "matter?"

What Is Matter?

That may be the easiest question
you will ever have to answer in
your entire school career.

Why? Everything you said is
correct!

What do all these objects or matter have in common?
Make a list at your table.

What Is Matter?

Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass and weight.
Simply put, every object in the entire universe is matter!

What Makes Up Matter?

You may say that this book below is only made of many paper pages
and a hard cover.

Actually, the pieces that make
up this book (or any other
example of matter) are made
up of even smaller particles ...
objects that are too small to
see even under some
microscopes!

All Matter is Made of Very Small
Particles

Although these particles are incredibly small, they still take up space
and have weight ... even if the amount of space and weight is practically
nothing.

Think of each particle as a single LEGO block:

All Matter is Made of Very Small
Particles

While a single block on its own isn't very large and doesn't look like
much, attaching many blocks together can make some pretty amazing
things!

"Invisible" Matter

Matter is made up of small particles that cannot be individually seen.
When many of these pieces combine together, they form the objects
that surround us in our everyday life.

While most of these objects can
be seen, some examples of matter
still remain invisible.

How do we know there is matter
inside these water bottles and
balloons?

1 Which of the following is an example of matter?

A Car

B Laptop

C Air

D All of the above

Answer

2 All matter is visible.

True

False

Answer

3 All matter is made up of many particles that are too small
to be seen.

True

False

Answer

4 Which of the following is true of all matter? (Choose all
that apply.)

A Has weight.

B Can be seen.

C Takes up space.

D Is colored.

E Is always a solid.

Answer

Measuring Matter

Now that we know what matter is

how can we measure it?

Mass and Volume

Mass is the measure of how

much matter is in an object.

Mass is often thought of as

weight and is measured using

scales.

Matter is measured in terms of mass and volume.

Volume is the amount of space

an object takes up. Volume is

measured in many different units

and is measured using different

tools.

Activity: What's in that Balloon?

When you blow up a balloon,
what do you put inside of it?

What is this substance made of?

How do you know that there is
something in the balloon?

Activity: The "Empty" Bottle

Is there anything inside of
the bottle? What we see in
this experiment may
surprise you!

This activity will have you
looking to see if an empty
bottle really is entirely
"empty."

5 Mass is

A
The building blocks of all matter

B
How much matter is in an object

C
Anything that takes up space

D
The amount of space an object takes up

Answer

6 Which of the following would you use to measure
the volume of an object? Select all that apply.

A
Scale

B
Graduated Cylinder

C
Microscope

D
Ruler

Answer

The Conservation
of Mass

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of Contents

Review: Matter

In our two activities, we saw that matter comes in a variety of
different forms. Some matter is visible while some (specifically if it
is a gas) is invisible.

Conservation of Mass

Despite these differences, the way matter behaves is the same no
matter its appearance. One thing that is the same for all matter is that
mass is always conserved.

What the Law of the Conservation of
Mass states is that matter can neither be
created nor destroyed.

What this means is that matter can't just
magically appear or disappear.

Where Do Objects Come From Then?

Matter can not be created or destroyed but it does change form .

For example, take a piece of cake:

Name some ingredients which went into making that cake:

The matter that makes up each ingredient comes from other
sources as well.

7 What does the Law of Conservation of Mass say?

A Mass cannot change form.

B Mass can appear or disappear

C Mass can neither be created nor destroyed.

D Magic tricks go against scientific law by making
things disappear.

Answer

Activity: Heating Matter

Sometimes when matter is heated, it changes form.

How do these
changes affect the
amount of matter in
an object and its weight?

Come up with a hypothesis
at your table right now!

8 Let's hypothesize: When an ice cube melts, what do
you predict will happen to the weight?

A Increase

B Decrease

C Stay the same

Answer

Activity: Cooling Matter

Matter changes form when it cools as well.

For example, when water freezes into ice, it expands and changes
shape. Certainly this will affect the weight of the matter, right?

9 Let's hypothesize: When water freezes, what do you
predict will happen to the weight?

A Increase

B Decrease

C Stay the same

Answer

Observable Properties
of Matter

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of Contents

Differences in Matter

We know that matter is the general name for everything in the entire
universe. It is anything that takes up space and has weight and mass.

We already learned that all matter is made up of very small _______.
The way in which these are combined affects what the final object
looks like.

Look at the objects
around your classroom.
You can see that matter
can differ quite a bit.

Properties / Characteristics

Just like your classmates, all matter has distinct physical properties

or characteristics that you can use to describe the objects.

Name some of the
characteristics we have used to
previously describe objects.
Let's practice by naming the
characteristics of a pencil first.

Properties / Characteristics

This list of
adjectives needs to
be as complete as
possible.

Now, turn to your neighbor and list of as many of their physical
characteristics as you can.

Properties of Classmates

If you were to trade your list of adjectives with another person, they could
probably guess which classmate you were talking about. This is because
that exact combination of descriptions more than likely relates to only one
student in the class.

Some of the characteristics may be similar (for example, more than one
student may have brown hair), but when you look at all of the properties
as a whole, it points to only one of your peers.

Physical Properties of Matter

This same idea applies to matter.

You probably listed hair and eye color as a characteristic of your
classmate. Scientists look at the color of matter as well.

Color is one physical property of matter. Scientists use the color of a
substance to help determine what it is made of.

For example:

Gold will always have
this yellow color.

Platinum will always be a
dark silver color.
Copper has a color
reddish orange color.

Color Can Be Deceiving

While color is a property of matter, it is sometimes not very helpful in
determining what an object is made of.

To demonstrate this, one of the pictures above shows a real diamond.
The other shows cubic zirconia which people sometimes substitute for
diamonds in jewelry. Can you tell them apart?

Answer

10 Why is color not a reliable way to identify an object?

A Many substances naturally come in more than one
color.

B Many substances can share the same color.

C Most substances don't have a color.

D Many substances have the ability to change color.

Answer

The Mystery Object

Imagine you own a pawn shop
and a customer brings
in a "diamond" ring:

If you don't carefully examine this ring, you may end up spending a lot of
money on a ring that came out of a box of Cracker Jack!

How will you ever be able to tell if it is real or not?

Other Properties of Matter

Fortunately, there are many other ways in which we can describe
matter that can help us determine what makes up an object.

Besides color, scientists can also look at:

- Hardness

- Shininess

- Electrical conductivity

- Magnetism

- Solubility

Diamonds are the hardest
stones, which means they will
not easily break.

Electricity cannot flow
through rubber objects.

Real or Fake?
So how can you use this information to determine whether the diamond
is real or not? Well.. for that you'd have to closely examine the
properties of the gem and compare it to what is known about diamond
and cubic zirconia.

One fact is that diamond reflections are gray and cubic zirconia shows
a rainbow. Can you tell which is the real diamond now?

The diamond is on the left!
Click here!

11 Which of the following is not an easily observable
property of matter? (Choose all that apply.)

A Color

B Hardness (how hard it is to break)

C Flammability (how well it burns)

D Magnetism (will it be attracted by a magnet?)

Hint: Which can

you not observe

without completely

destroying
the substance or

turning it into

something else?

Answer

12 A property of rubber is that electricity flows through it
well.

True

False

Answer

Activity: Describing Matter

You will now play the role of
scientists who are given
mystery objects. In order to
determine what the
substances are, you will
need to list all of the
physical characteristics of
the items.

Activity: Mystery Substances

Now that you have practiced describing matter, it is time to put your
skills to work. You will now be given various mystery objects that you
must identify. Use the physical properties of known substances to figure
out what the mystery items are made of.

?

?

Mixing Substances

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of Contents

Solubility

In the last section, we saw that one characteristic of matter is solubility.

Solubility is a term that relates to how much of an object can dissolve in
another particular substance.

If we say that something has dissolved , we mean that one substance
has become incorporated into another, forming a solution .

At your table, come up with a list of solutions you have made by
dissolving one substance into another. You make many solutions
at home every day!

Liquid Solutions

Many solutions are liquids.

The Atlantic Ocean, seen at left,
is a salt-water solution.

The salt has dissolved in the
water, making it seem like the
salt has disappeared!

Types of Solutions

Many solutions are liquids, but some can be solids or gases.

For our purposes, we will focus only on liquid solutions in this unit.

A brass coin, an example of a solid
solution. It is made by mixing
various metals.

The air that this helicopter is flying
through is a solution made of many
different gases.

13 Solutions can only be liquid.

True

False

Answer

Solutions

In a solution, each of the substances keeps its same properties.

For example, in salt-water, both the salt and the water keeps their
same hardness, color, electrical conductivity, etc and if you were to
separate them again, you would get the original substances!

+

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14 Which of the following statements is true about what
happens when you mix salt and water?

A The salt completely disappears.

B The salt and water keep their same properties.

C A completely new substance is made that is
different than salt and water.

D The salt does not dissolve.

Answer

Solutions

The solutes are the substances
that are being dissolved. (There
may be more than one)

The solvent is the substance that
does the dissolving.

What solutes are dissolved by a
contact lens solution?

In all solutions, there are solutes and a solvent.

Let's Practice

In the salt-water solution...

Salt is the _______________.

Water is the _______________.
(hint: It dissolves the salt)

Can you think of any more examples?

15 Which of the following sentences is true of a sugar-water
mixture? (Choose all that apply.)

A The sugar is the solute and the water is the solvent.

B The sugar will dissolve in the water.

C The sugar does not dissolve in the water.

D A solution is made.

Answer

E The solution will be solid.

F The sugar and water will keep their same properties.

Universal Solvent

Water is known as the Universal Solvent.

This is because more substances can dissolve in water than in any
other chemical.

For this reason, we will be using water in each of our activities.

16 You want to complete an experiment to see if a
substance will dissolve. Which of these substances
should you use as a solvent?

A Syrup

B Vinegar

C Water

D Oil

Answer

Demo: Soluble Substance

Substances are either soluble or insoluble in water. What do you
think the difference is between these two words?

How much of a substance can dissolve in a given amount of water is
known as that material's solubility .

In this demonstration, you will be looking at the solubility of sugar, a
soluble substance. How many scoops can dissolve in your given
amount of water?

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Demo: Insoluble Substance

Not all substances will dissolve in water.

+

In this demonstration, you will mix oil and water.
What happens when these two substances are combined?
Is a solution formed?

Solutions

Remember! When you mix two substances, a solution is not
always formed. A solution can only form if the substances are
well-mixed.

Which of the pictures below shows a solution?

Olive Oil and Balsamic Vinegar
Riboflavin and Water

17 When you combine oil and vinegar, you notice that all of
the oil is floating on top of the vinegar. Which of the
following is true?

A Vinegar is soluble in oil.

B Oil is soluble in vinegar.

C Oil and vinegar are insoluble in each other.

D Mixing oil and vinegar forms a solution.

Answer

The "Disappearing" Solute

Think back to the sugar-water demonstration.. Were you able to
see the sugar after mixing it into the water? Where did it go?

Before, you started with sugar similar to what you see above. After
mixing it into the water, it looks like nothing like this.
Did this sugar just disappear ?

Activity: Conservation of Mass in
Solutions

Previously, we learned about the Conservation of Mass. Does
anyone remember what this stated?

Because of this, we know that the sugar couldn't have
just disappeared.

We will prove this in an activity using salt-water.

Matter can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only transform.

Click here for a reminder!

Activity: Separating Substances

Even though the salt had dissolved in the water, you can see that the
weight of the salt is simply added to the weight of the water.

Even though you can't see the salt, it is still there!

+

Since this is the case, is there a way to separate the salt and water
once again? This activity will allow you to answer that question.

Demo: Chemical Changes

Sometimes when substances are combined, some pretty big
changes occur.

In front of you, you have two substances. One is a liquid
(vinegar) and the other is a solid powder (baking soda). At your
teacher's instruction, we will be combining these substances in a
beaker.

+

= ?

Demo: Chemical Changes

+

= ?

What was different about combining these two materials
compared to creating our salt-water solution?

Did the baking soda dissolve?

Was a solution formed?