Phrases and Clauses

PHRASES AND CLAUSES

What is the difference between a phrase and a clause?

Phrase - A phrase is a group of words that works together in a sentence but does not contain a subject or verb. There are different types of phrases that we will explore later.

Clause - A clause is a group of words that works together in a sentence but does contain both a subject and a verb. There are two main types of clauses: dependent and independent.

TYPES OF PHRASES

Prepositional phrases begin with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun. They provide information about time, location, direction, or position.
For example:
Students congregate in the hallway
At five o'clock, I will take a nap.
The children went to the store for their neighbor.
The deer ran through the woods.
The computer is on the desk.

A participial phrase is a group of words containing a participle that modifies a noun or pronoun. It acts like an adjective. There are present and past participles.
Present ends in -ing
Past ends in, -ed, -d, -n, -en, -t, -ne

For example:
Swimming in the ocean, the man nearly drowned.
"Saved by the bell, the students left the class."

TYPES OF PHRASES CONT'D

​Gerund Phrase: A group of words that begins with a gerund and includes any modifiers or objects that modify it. It functions as a noun in a sentence.

Example:

Exercising in the pool is my favorite activity.
Preparing vegetables for my salad bar is fun.
My passion is reading

Infinitive Phrase - A group of words that begins with an infinitive (to + verb) and may include its modifiers or a noun phrase. It acts as a noun, adjective, or adverb.

Example:
It would be nice to go home early.
I want to exercise consistently.
To travel the world is my dream.

Multiple Choice

What type of phrase is the underlined section?

My cat jumped on my bed and woke me up. 

• Prepositional

• Gerund

• Participial

• Infinitive

Multiple Choice

What type of phrase is the underlined section?

The pencil fell under the desk. 

• Infinitive

• Gerund

• Prepositional

• Participial

Multiple Choice

What type of phrase is the underlined section?

The dog, barking loudly, chased the mailman down the street.

• Participial

• Gerund

• Prepositional

• Infinitive

Multiple Choice

What type of phrase is the underlined section?

Running a marathon requires a lot of training.

• Gerund

• Participial

• Infinitive

• Participial

Multiple Choice

What type of phrase is the underlined section?

I want to learn how to play the guitar.

• Infinitive

• Prepositional

• Gerund

• Participial

Types of clauses:

​CLAUSES

​Remember:

Clause - A clause is a group of words that works together in a sentence but does contain both a subject and a verb. There are two main types of clauses: dependent and independent.

• Contains a subject and a verb

• Cannot stand alone as a sentence

• Starts with a subordinate conjunction
  

​Dependent

​Example:
Because he was hungry
Since I studied
Before she went home

​Types of Clauses Cont'd

• Contains a subject and a verb

• Can stand alone as a sentence

• Can be combined with either another independent clause and/or a dependent clause to create other sentence structures by using conjunctions.

​Independent:

​Example:
He ate a whole pizza.
I passed my test.
She stopped at the store.

Multiple Choice

what is an independent clause?

• a complete thought that can't stand by itself as a sentence
• a complete thought that can stand by itself as a sentence
• a simple-complex sentence
•  a type of french braid

Multiple Choice

what is a dependent clause?

• does not express a complete thought
• a complete sentence
• a compound sentence
• a complete thought

Multiple Choice

The dog is playing catch.

• Dependent Clause

• Independent Clause

Multiple Choice

When my mother arrives.

• Dependent Clause

• Independent Clause

Multiple Choice

Because I studied hard for my test.

• Dependent Clause

• Independent Clause

Multiple Choice

I was watching my brother play video games.

• Dependent Clause

• Independent Clause