Unit 1.2 Review

Unit 1.2 Review

Carbon cycle

Carbon cycle is the cycling of carbon through an ecosystem

​Carbon reservoirs or Carbon sinks- where carbon is stored

​1. Carbon stored in organisms

​2. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water .
Ex: lakes, streams, oceans

​4. Carbon dioxide stored in the atmosphere

Carbon moves through an ecosystem with these process

​1. Photosynthesis- removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and stores in producers

CO2 + SUN + Water =
Glucose and Oxygen

​2. Respiration releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

Carbon and Oxygen = CO2, Water, + Energy

3. Combustion- releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

One of the main ways in which carbon is released into the atmosphere.

4. Decomposition breaking down dead organisms- releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

Water cycle

water cycle

continual movement of water through its three forms of solid,

liquid, and gas.

Water cycle

• The processes that cause water to change form are evaporation and condensation, which take place in, on, and above the Earth.

• The water cycle is driven by heat from the sun.

•  Also known as the hydrologic cycle

Water cycle

• The sun provides what almost everything on Earth needs —energy, or heat.

• Heat causes liquid and frozen water to evaporate into water vapor gas, which rises high in the sky to form clouds...clouds that move over the globe and drop rain and snow.

• The more heat energy, the more evaporation.

Evaporation

• First part of the water cycle

• when a liquid changes into a vapor or gas

• Water absorbs heat energy from the sun and turns into vapors. Oceans, seas, the lakes and the river bodies are the main source of evaporation

• Gas form

Condensation

•  process of a gas turning into a liquid

• As the water vapor rises higher and higher, the cool air of the atmosphere causes the water vapor to turn back into liquid water, creating clouds, fog or dew

• 2nd step in the water cycle

Precipitation

• The falling of water from the sky in the form of rain, sleet, hail or snow

• When water droplets get heavy enough, they fall back down to Earth 

• Precipitation brings the water back down to earth and the cycle repeats 

Transpiration

• process by which the plants give off moisture into the atmosphere

  runoff

• Much of the water that returns to Earth as precipitation runs off the surface of the land, and flows down hill into streams, rivers, ponds and lakes.

  
  

Multiple Choice

Precipitation is?

• The falling of water from the sky in the form of rain, sleet, hail or snow

• process by which the plants give off moisture into the atmosphere

  runoff

• process of a gas turning into a liquid

Multiple Choice

Transpiration is?

• process of a gas turning into a liquid

• When water droplets get heavy enough, they fall back down to Earth

• process by which the plants give off moisture into the atmosphere

  runoff

Multiple Choice

Evaporation is?

• process by which the plants give off moisture into the atmosphere

  runoff

• when a liquid changes into a vapor or gas

• process of a gas turning into a liquid

Multiple Choice

Condensation is?

• continual movement of water through its three forms of solid,

  liquid, and gas.

• process of a gas turning into a liquid

• when a liquid changes into a vapor or gas

Open Ended

In your own words, describe why photosynthesis is so important to humans.

Multiple Choice

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related?

• They are the same reaction, which means that their reactants (starting substances) and their products (ending substances) are exactly the same

• They are opposite reactions, which means the products (ending substances) of photosynthesis become the reactants (starting substances) of cellular respiration and vice versa

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are not related

Multiple Choice

Which of the following human activities has the greatest impact on the carbon cycle?

• cellular respiration

• decomposition

• burning of fossil fuels

• using fertilizers

Multiple Choice

Just like terrestrial plants, photosynthetic algae and certain bacteria in the ocean take in dissolved carbon dioxide in water during -

• cellular respiration

• photosynthesis

• decomposition

• combustion

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a carbon sink?

Hint: Anything that absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases

• burning fossil fuels

• the ocean

• deforestation

• volcanic eruption

Ocean Currents

Current

A stream of steady moving water within a larger body of water

*40 main currents in ocean

Gulf Stream

* In Atlantic Ocean - from America to England

* 15 times faster than other currents

* Can travel 100 miles a day

* Strong steady current

Gyre

A group (loop) of currents that circle through the seas

5 great ones in the oceans

Currents are also caused by the rotation of the Earth called the Coriolis effect.

It also causes currents to flow counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere.

The Coriolis Effect causes currents to flow clockwise in the northern hemisphere.

Deep ocean currents are caused by a number of things including changes in the temperature and salinity (how salty the water is).

The Formation of Deep Currents

The density of ocean water will increase if the water becomes colder or it the salinity increases. If this happens ocean water at the surface can become denser than the water below it. The denser water sinks. Deep ocean currents are the movement of water in regular patterns below the surface of the ocean.

Factors that Affect Deep Currents

Deep currents are driven by density differences in ocean water and by gravity. At Earth's poles, surface water cools and becomes denser. The denser water is pulled towards the ocean floor by gravity more strongly than less dense water is and sinks. The cold, dense water moves in the deep ocean toward the equator, forming a deep current.

This is called the Global Conveyor Belt.

Multiple Choice

Why are ocean currents important?

• ocean currents allow people to sail around the world

• ocean currents move the continents from one place to another

• ocean currents move heat energy from the equator to the poles

• Ocean currents affect the rotation of the Earth

Multiple Choice

If you were floating in a raft in the Gulf Stream, you and the raft would________________.

• not move with the water

• move back and forth

• move with the current

• move in a circular motion

Multiple Choice

Movements of ocean water in a continuous flow are called?

• ocean currents

• air masses

• global winds

• front

Multiple Choice

What do we call the constantly moving system of deep-ocean circulation driven by differences in temperature and salinity?

• California Current

• Surface Currents

• Gulf Stream

• Global Conveyor Belt

Multiple Choice

What are a circular system of currents in the Earth's major oceans?

• ocean currents

• upwellings

• Gyres

• Conveyer belt

Multiple Choice

Warm ocean currents generally come from

• The North Pole

• The South Pole

• The Equator

• Both A and B

Multiple Choice

_______ causes the Coriolis Effect

• Earth's rotation

• gravity

• wind

• density

Multiple Choice

If a material is less dense then water, it will

• sink

• float

• be neutrally buoyant

• freese

Poll

How do you feel about your understanding of ocean currents

• Good

• Ok

• Bad

Multiple Choice

What heats the Earth's oceans?

• People

• Earth's core

• The moon

• The Sun

Multiple Choice

Regular movements of water far below the oceans surface are called

• Warm Currents

• Deep Currents

• Shallow Currents

• Surface Currents

Multiple Choice

The warm, strong current off the coast of Florida is the

• Gulf Stream

• California Current

• North Equatorial Current

• North Equatorial Current

Multiple Choice

Surface currents are mainly caused by

• The Coriolis Effect

• Cold and Warm Water

• Convection

• Wind

Multiple Choice

Upwellings is the movement of deep water towards the surface, what does it bring with it?

• microplastics

• nutrients

• decomposed remains

El Niño and La
Niña
Occurs in the pacific ocean.

El Niño

A climate season or pattern where it is warm in the pacific ocean.

El Niño = less hurricanes near Florida, more hurricanes near California due it being warm and wet.

Not good for ecosystems because it stops upwelling.

La Niña

A climate season or pattern where it is cool in the pacific ocean.

La Niña = MORE hurricanes near Florida, less hurricanes near California due it being cool and dry.

Good for ecosystems because it encourages upwelling.

REMEMBER!

When the boy is in Florida, it is cool and less hurricanes. When the boy is in California, it is warm and there are more hurricanes.

When the girl is in Florida, it is warm and there are more hurricanes. When the girl is in California, it is cool and there are less hurricanes.

El Nino and La Nina is a season - two can't happen at the same time. Think of it as a season of fall, winter, spring, and summer. El Nino happens more often than La Nina