Physical and Chemical Properties

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
and
CHANGES

How does this work...

Click through each slide to read the info. Make sure to pay attention because there will be questions throughout that you need to answer!

First of all...what is matter??

MATTER

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

• All matter has both physical and chemical PROPERTIES, undergoes physical and chemical changes, and can be classified.

What are properties??

PROPERTIES

-Information about a substance that

describes it and usually helps us identify it.
-Information about a substance allows us
to know about its maximum advantage

and what it can be used for.

-Information about a substance so we

know what we can use it for, how to

manage it, how to store it, how to dispose

of it.

When describing a substance's properties...you are describing it's general characteristics.

It's almost like you are looking at a substance's profile.

So let's look at some profiles first...

Number: 23 (or sometimes 6)
Age: 40
Height: 6'9''
Wingspan: 83 in
Vertical jump: Around 40 in

LeBron's height, wingspan, and vertical jump help LeBron James to be one of the best NBA players of all time.

​

Lebron James

Age: 35

​Vocal Range: A2 - E6
Albums made: over 11
Left handed when playing the guitar
Excellent performer
Strong ability to write music

All these characteristics make Taylor Swift one of the top singer/songwriters/performers

Taylor Swift

I know that I started with celebrities but...

It works!!!

LeBron and Taylor Swift have properties that we can describe about them. Think of properties as just being general descriptions or characteristics that a substance (or person) has. It makes them who they are. It also makes them fit for what it is they do. I am a terrible singer...I don't have that special feature so I can never be a professional singer! Taylor Swift has that special characteristic which makes her qualities ideal to become a professional singer/performer!

Let's move on to science now...

Symbol: Ti
Atomic number = 22
Average atomic mass = 47.867
Density = 4.5 g/cm³
Melting point = 1668*C
Metal
Metallic color
Average Luster
Stronger than most metals
Ductile and Conductive
Resists corrosion = does not react with acid
Not soluble in water

Titanium

​Titanium's properties made it a desirable material to use when making phones...it is the reason why the iPhone 15 was such a big hit and is the top selling iPhone! Apple took advantage of Titanium's wonderful properties when designing the iPhone 15.

Why do I care to know Titanium's properties??

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Characteristics observed or measured

without changing the chemical
composition of the substance

There is a very long list of physical properties...

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

CAN BE…

DESCRIPTIONS

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• STATE OF MATTER…is it a solid, liquid, or gas

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Color

• Clarity - opaque, transparent, translucent

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Luster - is it shiny? (high luster) or dull? (low luster)

– Luster technically means does it reflect light or not

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Size/Shape

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Texture - is it smooth, rough, coarse, fine,

bumpy, waxy, sticky

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Odor - sweet smells, bad smells, odorless, strong, weak

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

CAN BE…

MEASURED

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Measurements of: Length, width, height, mass,
volume, density

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Boiling Point -

temperature at which a
liquid turns into a gas

• Melting Point -

temperature at which a
solid turns into a liquid

• Freezing Point -

temperature at which a
liquid turns into a solid

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

CAN…DESCRIBE

BEHAVIOR

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Malleable - Can be

hammered or shaped without
breaking and will keep the
shape

• Brittle - breaks easily

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Conductivity - can the substance allow heat

and electricity to pass through…or is it not a
conductor?

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Ductile - ability to be stretched out and drawn

into wires

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Solubility - does the substance have the ability

to dissolve…or is it insoluble?

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Viscosity - a fluid’s resistance to flow

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Hardness - can it be scratched easily or not.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

A chemical property describes the ability (or
inability) of a substance to combine with or
change into one or more other substances.

There is a much shorter list of chemical properties...

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Reactivity - the ability (or inability) of a
substance to react with another substance

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Flammability - the ability to ignite/burn
easily…or could be nonflammable

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Combustible - rapid chemical combination of a
substance with oxygen, involving the
production of heat and light.

Time to test you on identifying a physical vs. chemical property!

Multiple Choice

Sugar is soluble in water

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

Copper chloride is light blue in color

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

Wood is not a conductor

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

Wood is flammable

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

Starch is reactive with iodine

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

Melting point of water is 0℃

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

Density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm³

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

Calcium chloride is not reactive with hydrochloric acid

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

Water has a boiling point of 100*C

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

Pure sodium has a high luster

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

Vanilla has a sweet taste

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

A sheet of paper has no luster.

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

Baking soda is not flammable

• physical property

• chemical property

Multiple Choice

Water has a freezing point of O*C

• physical property

• chemical property

Physical and Chemical Properties can be broken down more...

EXTENSIVE VS. INTENSIVE PROPERTIES
• Extensive property = Depends on the amount

of matter present
– Properties will change if amount changes
– Examples: volume, mass, length
I don't have many more to list for you...

• Intensive property = Does not depend on the

amount of matter present
– Properties won’t change even if amount changes
– Examples: density, conduction, boiling point, color
This list can be a lot longer...

Time to test you on identifying intensive vs. extensive

Multiple Choice

Intensive or Extensive Property: Height

• Intensive

• Extensive

Multiple Choice

Intensive or Extensive Property: Density

• Intensive

• Extensive

Multiple Choice

Intensive or Extensive Property: Boiling point

• Intensive

• Extensive

Multiple Choice

Intensive or Extensive Property: Mass

• Intensive

• Extensive

Multiple Choice

Intensive or Extensive Property: Flammability

• Intensive

• Extensive

Now onto changes...

Physical vs. Chemical Changes

Physical Change = A change made to a substance without forming a new substance

Chemical Change = A change made to substances that forms new substances with new properties and new composition

PHYSICAL CHANGE

A change made to a substance without forming

a new substance

EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL CHANGES
• Any change to appearance, size, shape

– Tearing, ripping, crushing, breaking, cutting

• Any phase change

– Melting, freezing, boiling, condensing, sublimation, deposition

• Dissolving

– Anytime a substance is able to dissolve it is a physical

change…dissolving sugar in water, dissolving salt into water,
mixing cream into coffee, adding chocolate sauce to milk

CHEMICAL CHANGE

A change made to substances that forms new

substances with new properties and new

composition

HOW DO WE KNOW A

CHANGE IS CHEMICAL AND

NOT PHYSICAL???

EVIDENCE OF CHEMICAL CHANGE

• Permanent color change

– Unexpected, different from original colors

• Formation of a gas
• Formation of a precipitate
• Temperature change

– Without you adding/taking away heat

• Release of energy = heat, light, sound
• New odor produced

Time to test you on identifying physical vs. chemical change

Multiple Choice

Fireworks exploding

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Cutting a pizza into slices

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Baking a pizza in the oven

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Dissolving lemonade powder into water

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Water boiling

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

A banana ripening

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Ice cream melting

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Birthday candle burning

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Lighting a gas stove

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Making pancakes

• physical change

• chemical change