P1NucAci-Biochem

Open Ended

What is a feature your inherited from your parents that you are mist proud of?

Open Ended

If you could choose one genetic trait to pass down to the next generation, what would it be? Why?

Multiple Choice

What do you think is the main factor responsible for the inheritance of traits

• Physical characteristics
• Environmental factors
• Personal experiences
• Genes (DNA)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the primary function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

• A) Store energy

• B) Catalyze biochemical reactions

• C) Store and transmit genetic information

• D) Provide structural support to cells

Multiple Choice

  Give the name and abbreviation for the following and list its nitrogenous base and sugar.

• Cytidine 5′-monophosphate (CMP); nitrogenous base: cytosine; sugar: ribose.
• Guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP); nitrogenous base: guanine; sugar: deoxyribose.
• Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP); nitrogenous base: adenine; sugar: ribose.
• Guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP); nitrogenous base: guanine; sugar: ribose.

Multiple Choice

What are the monomers of nucleic acids called?

• A) Amino acids
  
  
  

• B) Monosaccharides

• C) Nucleotides

• D) Fatty acids

Multiple Choice

Which component is NOT a part of a nucleotide?

• A) Nitrogenous base
  

• B) Pentose sugar
  

• C) Phosphate group
  

• D) Glycerol molecule

Multiple Choice

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found only in RNA?

• A) Adenine
  

• B) Guanine
  

• C) Thymine
  

• D) Uracil

Multiple Choice

In DNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with cytosine?

• A) Adenine
  

• B) Guanine
  

• C) Thymine
  

• D) Uracil

Multiple Choice

What type of bond forms between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another, linking nucleotides together?

• A) Hydrogen bond
  

• B) Ionic bond
  

• C) Phosphodiester bond
  

• D) Glycosidic bond

Multiple Choice

Which sugar is found in the nucleotides that make up DNA?

• A) Ribose
  

• B) Deoxyribose
  

• C) Glucose
  

• D) Fructose

Multiple Choice

Which nitrogenous base is a purine?

• A) Cytosine
  

• B) Uracil
  

• C) Guanine
  

• D) Thymine

Multiple Choice

In the structure of a nucleotide, what is directly attached to the 5’ carbon of the sugar?

• A) Nitrogenous base
  

• B) Phosphate group
  

• C) Hydroxyl group
  

• D) Hydrogen atom

Multiple Choice

The DNA template strand sequence 3'–C–T–A–A–G–G–5' produces which mRNA sequence?

• 3'–G–A–T–T–C–C–5'

• 5'–G–A–U–U–C–C– C-3'

• 3'–G–A–U–U–C–C– C-5'

• 5'–G–A–U–U–G–G–3'

Fill in the Blanks

Write the complementary base sequence for the matching strand in the following DNA section:

5’  —A—G—T—C—C—A—A—T—C— 3’ 

Multiple Choice

What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

• A) Single helix
  

• B) Double helix
  

• C) Triple helix
  

• D) Linear chain

Multiple Choice

Which of the following base pairs is found in DNA?

• A) Adenine and Uracil
  

• B) Cytosine and Thymine
  

• C) Adenine and Thymine
  

• D) Guanine and Uracil

Multiple Choice

In the process of DNA replication, what enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix?

• A) DNA polymerase
  

• B) Ligase
  

• C) Helicase
  

• D) Primase

Multiple Choice

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for adding new nucleotides to the growing strand?

• A) DNA ligase
  

• B) RNA polymerase
  

• C) DNA polymerase
  

• D) Topoisomerase

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the antiparallel nature of DNA?

• A) The two strands run in opposite directions (5’ to 3’ and 3’ to 5’)
  

• B) The strands are parallel but not identical
  

• C) The strands have the same sequence but different orientations
  

• D) Both strands wind around each other in the same direction

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is true about DNA replication?

• A) DNA replication is conservative, meaning each new DNA molecule contains two newly synthesized strands.

• B) DNA replication is semiconservative, meaning each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one new strand.

• C) DNA replication is discontinuous, meaning only one strand is replicated at a time.

• D) DNA replication is enzymatic, meaning it happens only in the presence of a protein catalyst.

Multiple Choice

What is the main function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

• A) To carry amino acids to the ribosome

• B) To serve as a template for protein synthesis

• C) To help form ribosomes

• 
  D) To transport genetic material between cells

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA is involved in bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

• A) mRNA

• B) rRNA

• C) tRNA

• 
  D) siRNA

Multiple Choice

Where in the cell does transcription (RNA synthesis) occur?

• A) Ribosome

• B) Cytoplasm

• C) Nucleus

• D) Golgi apparatus

Multiple Choice

What type of RNA forms the structural and functional core of the ribosome?

• A) mRNA

• B) rRNA

• C) tRNA

• 
  D) siRNA

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

• A) mRNA

• B) rRNA

• C) tRNA

• 
  D) siRNA

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true about RNA compared to DNA?

• A) RNA is usually double-stranded while DNA is single-stranded

• B) RNA contains the sugar deoxyribose while DNA contains ribose

• C) RNA contains uracil instead of thymine found in DNA

• D) RNA is found only in the nucleus, while DNA is found throughout the cell

Multiple Choice

In the process of transcription, which enzyme synthesizes the RNA strand?

• A) DNA polymerase
  

• B) RNA polymerase
  

• C) Helicase
  

• D) Ligase

Multiple Choice

What is the sequence of bases in  mRNA produced

from a section of the template strand of DNA that has

the sequence of bases:  – C –T –A –A –G –G –  ?

• –G –A –T –T –C –C –

• –G –A –U –U –C –C –

• –C –T –A –A –G –G –

Match

Match the following related to Coding and Protein Synthesis

• Activation

• Initiation   

• Translocation

• Termination

Binding of tRNA to the ribosome

Start codon recognition

Movement of the ribosome along mRNA

Release of the completed polypeptide

• Binding of tRNA to the ribosome

• Start codon recognition

• Movement of the ribosome along mRNA

• Release of the completed polypeptide

Fill in the Blanks

The following section of DNA is used to build  mRNA for a protein.

  —GAA—CCC—TTT—

Fill in the Blanks

What are the anticodons on the tRNAs?

Fill in the Blanks

What is the amino acid order in the peptide?

  —CUU—GGG—AAA—  mRNA

Reorder

Reorder the following from the start to finish

• DNA produces mRNA

• .  mRNA attaches to a ribosome.

• A tRNA brings an amino acid to its codon on mRNA

• The ribosome moves along a mRNA to add amino acids to the growing peptide chain.

• A completed polypeptide is released.

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Match

Identify each type of mutations as

substitution   or frame shift

• Cytidine (C) enters the DNA sequence.

• One adenosine is removed from the DNA sequence

• A base sequence of TGA in DNA changes to TAA

substitution

substitution

frame shift

• substitution

• substitution

• frame shift

Match

Match the following

• Virus 

• Retrovirus 

• Protease inhibitor

• Reverse transcription

A microorganism that infects living cells 

a virus containing RNA

prevents synthesis of viral proteins

using viral RNA to synthesize viral DNA

• A microorganism that infects living cells 

• a virus containing RNA

• prevents synthesis of viral proteins

• using viral RNA to synthesize viral DNA