Muscle Wyman

Ranges of Motion

CIRCUMDUCTION:the circular (or “conical”)

movement of a body part, such as a ball-and- socket
joint or the eye; a combination of flexion, extension,
adduction, and abduction; "windmilling" the arms or
rotating the hand from the wrist are examples

OPPOSITION: a motion involving a grasping motion

of the thumb and fingers

REPOSITION: to release an object by spreading the

fingers and thumb

MUSCULAR

SYSTEM

Copyright©2013Chris Grayling.
All Rights Reserved.

MUSCLE NAMES

Most muscles are named according to their

location, origin/insertion, direction of muscle
fibers, size, shape, type of action produced, or
other criteria, such as nearby bones

3 Types of Muscle:

1. SKELETAL – ( voluntary/striated); provide
body movement and produce heat

3 types of muscle:

2.

SMOOTH – ( involuntary/visceral); found in walls of arteries and veins
and in internal organs (except the heart)

3 types of muscle:

2. CARDIAC – found only in the heart

4 Characteristics of Muscles:

1.

EXCITABILITY = the ability to receive and

respond to a stimulus

2.

CONTRACTILITY = the ability to shorten

3.

EXTENSIBILITY = the ability to be stretched

4.

ELASTICITY = the ability to resume normal

length after contraction or
having been stretched

Types of Muscle Movement

ISOTONIC - the muscle shortens

ISOMETRIC - tension is increased but the muscle
does not shorten

Ranges of Motion

FLEXION: bending a joint to decrease the angle
between two bones or body parts

Ranges of Motion

EXTENSION: straightening a joint to increase the

angle between two bones or body parts

Ranges of Motion

ABDUCTION: moving the body part away from
the midline of the body

Ranges of Motion

ADDUCTION: moving the body part toward the
midline of the body

Ranges of Motion

ROTATION: moving the body part around its axis

INTERNAL ROTATION: (aka: medial rotation) of the

shoulder or hip would point the toes or the flexed
forearm inwards towards the midline

EXTERNAL ROTATION: (aka: lateral rotation) is the

opposite; it would turn the toes or the flexed
forearm outwards away from the midline.

Ranges of Motion

SUPINATION: turning the palm of the hand
upward

PRONATION: turning the palm of the hand
downward

EVERSION: turning the foot (body part) outward

INVERSION: turning the foot (body part) inward

Ranges of Motion

Plantar flexion: bending the foot causing the

toes to point downward, as if

pressing an automobile pedal

Dorsiflexion: bending of the foot causing
the toes to point upward

Ranges of Motion

CIRCUMDUCTION: the circular (or “conical”) movement

of a body part, such as a ball-and- socket joint or the
eye; a combination of flexion, extension, adduction,
and abduction; "windmilling" the arms or rotating the
hand from the wrist are examples

OPPOSITION: a motion involving a grasping motion of

the thumb and fingers

REPOSITION: to release an object by spreading the

fingers and thumb

MUSCLE NAMES

Most muscles are named according to their location, origin/insertion,

direction of muscle fibers, size, shape, type of action produced, or other
criteria, such as nearby bones

MUSCLE NAMES

• biceps - two origins
• triceps - three origins
• quadriceps - four origins
• flexor - decreases a joint angle
• extensor - increases a joint angle
• abductor - moves a bone away from the midline
• adductor - moves a bone closer to the midline
• levator - raises or elevates a body part

• depressor - lowers or depresses a body part

cont…..

MUSCLE NAMES

• supinator - turns palm up
• pronator - turns palm down
• rotator - rotates a bone around its axis
• minimus - smallest
• minor - smaller
• medius - intermediate
• magnus - large
• major - larger
• maximus - largest
• vastus - huge

cont…..

MUSCLE NAMES

• rectus - parallel to midline
• oblique - diagonal to midline
• transverse - perpendicular to midline
• gracilis - slender
• platys - flat
• deltoid - triangular
• orbicularis - circular
• piformis - pear-shaped
• rhomboid - diamond-shaped

cont…..

MUSCLE NAMES

• trapezius - trapezoid
• serratus - saw-toothed
• pectinate - comb-like
• quadratus - square, four-sided
• sphincter - decreases the size of an opening
• tensor - makes a body part rigid

We’re done with muscle names

Terms in this lesson:

1.

fasci/o

2.

kinesi/o

3.

my/o, myos/o, muscul/o

4.

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

2 SUFFIXES -kinesia, -tonia

fasci/o

fascia - a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that

surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels and
nerves, sometimes binding them together and sometimes
allowing structures to slide over or around each other

kinesi/o

I see “can easy”

Canthis tape
really make
movement easy?

kinesi/o = movement

my/o

Remember myc/o? Let’s look at that slide

again….

my/o = muscle

myos/o

Adding an “s”
to my/o
still means muscle

musclu/o

And this one
obviously means
‘muscle’ too

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

These all mean tendon

-kinesia

The suffix means the same as the combining form.

“can easy” = -kinesia
= movement

-tonia

This one is easy too…

-tonia = tone

THE
END