IP Address

Understanding IP Address

Classes and Private IP

Addressing

A Deep Dive into TCP/IP Addressing

Overview of IP Address Classes

TCP/IP defines five classes of IP addresses:

●Class A

●Class B

●Class C

●Class D

●Class E

Each class has a range of valid IP addresses determined by the first octet.

Multiple Choice

What are the five classes of IP addresses defined by TCP/IP?

• Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, Class 4, Class 5

• Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E

• Class F, Class G, Class H, Class I, Class J

• Class A1, Class B1, Class C1, Class D1, Class E1

Classes for Host Addresses

●

○

Classes A, B, and C can be used for host addresses.

○

Classes D and E serve other purposes:
■

Class D: Multicast

■

Class E: Experimental use

Multiple Choice

Which classes of IP addresses can be used for host addresses?

• Classes A, B, and C

• Class D

• Class E

• Class F

Purpose of IP Address Classes

●

The system of IP address classes was created for:

●

Internet IP address assignment

●

Network size considerations

Class A: For a small number of networks with a large number of hosts.
Class C: For many networks with a small number of hosts.

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of Class D IP addresses?

• To enable secure communication between two endpoints.

• To facilitate multicast communication.

• To assign static IP addresses to servers.

• To provide a unique IP address for every device on a network

Class A IP Address Structure

○

Class A:
■

First 8 bits represent the network part.

■

Remaining 24 bits represent the host part.

○

Example IP Address: 10.50.120.7
■

Network Part: 10

■

Host Part: 50.120.7

Multiple Choice

What distinguishes Class B from Class A in terms of network and host bits?

• Class B uses 16 bits for both network and hosts, while Class A uses 16 bits for the network and 8 bits for hosts.

• Class B uses 16 bits for the network and 16 bits for hosts, while Class A uses 8 bits for the network and 24 bits for hosts

• Class B uses 8 bits for the network and 24 bits for hosts.

• Class B uses 24 bits for the network and 8 bits for hosts

Class B IP Address Structure

Class B:

●

First 16 bits represent the network part.

●

Remaining 16 bits represent the host part.

Example IP Address: 172.16.55.13

●

Network Part: 172.16

●

Host Part: 55.13

Multiple Choice

How many bits represent the host part in Class B IP addresses?

• 8 bits

• 16 bits

• 24 bits

• 32 bits

Special IP Address Ranges

○

Special IP address ranges:
■

0.0.0.0/8: Used to communicate with the local network.

■

127.0.0.0/8: Loopback addresses.

■

169.254.0.0/16: Link-local addresses (APIPA).

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is true regarding special IP address ranges?

• 0.0.0.0/8 is used for multicast purposes

• 127.0.0.0/8 is reserved for private networks

• 169.254.0.0/16 is used for communication within a local network without a DHCP server

• All special IP address ranges are routable on the Internet.

Introduction to Private IP Addresses

Problem: Unique IP address exhaustion if each host had a unique
address.

Solution: Development of private IP addressing.

Private IP addresses are not globally unique and can be used within any
organization.

Multiple Choice

What problem arises if each host on every network has a unique IP address?

• Increased security risks

• Unique IP address exhaustion

• Reduced network performance

• Complicated network configuration

Example of Private IP Addressing

○

Multiple organizations can use the same private IP range (e.g.,
10.0.0.0/24).

○

To access the Internet, organizations utilize Network Address
Translation (NAT).

Ranges of Private IP Addresses

Three ranges for private networks:

●

10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255

●

172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255

●

192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255

Note: Routers discard packets from these ranges; they are not routable on
the Internet.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a valid range for private IP addresses?

• 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
  

• 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255

• 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255

• 198.51.100.0 – 198.51.100.255

Conclusion

○Understanding IP address classes and private IP addressing is
crucial for network management.

○These concepts help in efficient IP address allocation and network
design.