PHS Ch.5- Med Term & Body Organization (Slides 16-20)

PHS - Ch. 5: Academic Knowledge: Medical Terminology and Body Organization (Slides 16-20)

Principles of Health Science

1. Body Directions

2. Body Regions

3. Body Cavities

4. Body Planes

Body Directions

Standard Anatomical Position (SAP)

Standing erect, facing forward, with palms facing forward
View of patients: Left and right (from patient’s perspective)

Body Directions

Directional Terms

• Anterior and posterior

• Medial and lateral

• Superior and inferior

• Superficial and deep

• Proximal and distal

• Ventral and dorsal

• Specific terms (e.g., cranial, caudal)

Body Regions

• Areas of the body that have specific names

  • Abdomen, calf, axillary, cranial, umbilical, thoracic, etc.

• Used as points of reference for anatomy

  • Abdominal Quadrants (Quad = 4)

  • Abdominal Regions (9 regions)

Multiple Choice

In the context of body directions, what does 'SAP' stand for?

• Systematic Anatomical Positioning

• Standard Anatomical Position

• Superior Anterior Posterior

• Sagittal Anatomical Plane

Quadrants

Abdominal Quadrants (Quad = 4)

REMEMBER: We always refer to the pt's left and right!

Regions

Abdominal Regions
(9 regions)

REMEMBER: We always refer to the pt's left and right!

Body Cavities

• Hollow spaces that contain organs and are separated by membranes

• Ventral (front) cavity contains:

  • Thoracic (chest) cavity 

  • Abdominopelvic cavity 

• Dorsal (back) cavity contains:

  • Cranial cavity (brain)

    • Middle ear, orbital, nasal, oral

  • Spinal cavity (spinal cord)

Body Planes

• Provide views of the body as if cut into sections

• Frontal/coronal plane

  • divided into front and back

• Sagittal plane

  • divided into right and left

• Midsagittal plane

  • divided exactly down the middle

• Transverse plane

  • divided into top and bottom

Multiple Choice

Which body plane divides the body down the middle in to equal left and right halves?

• tansverse

• coronal/frontal

• midsagittal

Critical Thinking

Distinguish between body regions, body directions, and body planes. Why are these terms useful in anatomy?

• Body regions: areas of the body with a specific name

• Body directions: describe body parts or their position in reference to standard anatomical position

• Body planes: flat or level surfaces seen by cutting away part of the body through surgery or medical imaging

  • All of these terms serve as reference points so that healthcare workers can discuss anatomy in common, understandable terms

Multiple Choice

How many abdominal regions are there according to the text?

• 9

• 3

• 11

• 4

Multiple Choice

How many abdominal quadrants are there?

• 9

• 4

• 10

• 2

Multiple Choice

Which body cavity contains the brain?

• thoracic cavity

• abdominal cavity

• cranial cavity

• oral cavity