Latin American Independence

Latin American Independence

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​

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first landed in Hispaniola in ​

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.  The Spanish began ​

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in force in the early 1500s.  




It was not until the early ​

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that Latin American peoples began to ​

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from Spanish rule.  

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Christopher Columbus

1492

colonizing

1800s

free themselves

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The ​

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Latin American people to fight for freedom were the people of ​

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.  They were mostly ​

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.  They rebelled ​

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against the Spanish, but against Napoleon’s ​country,

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. 

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first

Haiti

black African slaves

not

France

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Their quest for freedom began in ​

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, when Haitian slaves rebelled against their masters by burning every piece of ​

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that they could find.  This was called the ​

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.  The leader of the revolt was named ​

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.  Under his leadership, the Haitians won their independence in ​

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. 

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Toussaint L’Ouverture

1804

1791

Night of Fire

white-owned property

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A group of people in Latin America that had a lot of ​

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, but little political power, were the ​

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. These were people born in ​

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to white parents who had themselves been born in Spain.  They were afraid of how ​

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the Haitian slaves had been in their revolt.  The criollos wanted to take ​

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, but keep their revolutions from being as radical as the one in Haiti.  

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criollos

money and education

Latin America

radical and bloody

power for themselves

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Inspired by the Haitian Slave Revolt: In 1810, a Mexican priest named Father ​

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began a revolution in Mexico.  In his ​

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, he rang the church bells of the town in Dolores, Mexico, shouting for the local mestizos and Native Americans to take their ​

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back.  While the army he raised thereafter won ​

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victories, he himself failed rather quickly and he was ​

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by the Spanish in 1811.

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Miguel Hidalgo

Cry of Dolores

land

some

executed

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A high-ranking officer of the Spanish army in Mexico, ​

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, joined the rebellion thereafter.  This ​

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man helped Mexico gain ​

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in 1821.  As he was an army officer, he instituted a ​

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and that government itself had Mexican rebels ​

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too.  

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Agustin de Iturbide

criollo

independence

dictatorship

fight against it

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Another leader of a different Latin American revolution was ​

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.  Bolivar was a wealthy ​

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, and was educated in ​

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and even played a spirited game of ​

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with the Spanish ​

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.

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Simon Bolivar

criollo

Spain

badminton

prince

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The people of modern-day ​

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had already been fighting for independence when Bolivar joined them in ​

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.  By 1813, Bolivar was the ​

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of the Venezuelan freedom movement.  By 1822, he had liberated a large swath of territory in ​

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South America that was called ​

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for a time.  It had parts of modern-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama in it.  Bolivar was the first president of Gran Colombia and earned the nickname The Liberator.

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Venezuela

1807

leader

Gran Colombia

northern

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The people of modern-day Venezuela had already been fighting for independence when Bolivar joined them in 1807.  By 1813, Bolivar was the leader of the Venezuelan freedom movement.  By 1822, he had liberated a large swath of territory in northern South America that was called ​

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for a time.  It had parts of modern-day ​

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, Venezuela, Ecuador, and some of the isthmus of ​

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in it.  Bolivar was the ​

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president of Gran Colombia and earned the nickname The ​

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.

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Gran Colombia

Colombia

Panama

first

Liberator

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Jose de ​

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led the rebellions against Spain in ​

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South America.  San Martin was a ​

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who helped free ​

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in 1818 and ​

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in 1824 (he had captured the old Spanish city of Lima in 1821).  

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San Martin

southern

criollo

Chile

Peru

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In 1822, ​

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took over the rest of the fighting against Spain from ​

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.  By 1825, ​

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of South America was freed from the Spanish and only ​

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remained under ​

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rule in all of Latin America.  

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Bolivar

San Martin

all

Puerto Rico and Cuba

Spanish

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​

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was able to win its freedom with virtually ​

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bloodshed at all.  ​

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was the son of the Portuguese king.  He ruled Brazil for his father.  But in ​

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, Dom Pedro declared Brazil to be independent and by ​

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, Portugal accepted this.

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Brazil

no

Dom Pedro

1822

1825

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Simon Bolivar wanted to ​

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all of South America into a “United States of South America.”  But his dream was ​

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realized, partly because of great geographic barriers like the ​

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Mountains and ​

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Rainforest.  Instead, the nations of South America were disunited and led by ​

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, which is another word for dictator.  Most of these leaders have been poor leaders, preventing South America from becoming more advanced.  

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unite

never

Andes

Amazon

caudillos

Reorder

Reorder the following chronologically

• Spanish conquest

• Criollo and mestizo revolt

• Latin American nation independence

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2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

Reorder

Reorder the following chronologically

• American and French Revolutions

• Haitian Slave Revolt

• Latin American Revolutions inspired by the other two

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

Reorder

Reorder the following chronologically

• L'Ouverture leads Haiti to independence

• Hidalgo begins the revolts in Mexico

• Bolivar joins Venezuelan rebellion

• Gran Columbia created

• Portugal recognized Brazilian independence

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
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• 5