MINDSET FOR IELTS 3 UNTI 2 WRITING

MINDSET FOR IELTS 3
UNIT 2 WRITING

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Divide the following words into advantages and disadvantages

benefits, negatives, pros, cons, on the downside, on the plus side, positives, problems, drawbacks, on the upside, issues.

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Look at the list of ideas. In pairs or groups, brainstorm and make notes on

advantages and disadvantages for each, based on the subject of health.

1 Living in a busy city

2 Increased life expectancy in many societies

Audio Response

Look at the list of ideas. In pairs or groups, brainstorm and make notes on

advantages and disadvantages for each, based on the subject of health.

1 Living in a busy city

2 Increased life expectancy in many societies

Open Audio Recorder

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The main advantage of living in the city is

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The principle issue with choosing to reside in big cities is ...................

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One obvious negative effect of increasing life expectancy is ...

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Another disadvantage of aging societies is ...........

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Overall, the advantages of living in metropolitan cities outweigh the disadvantages because ....

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Exercise 8 - page 40

One positive aspect of city life is that there are generally a large number of fitness complexes available for members of the public to join, and most cater for the requirements of all their customers, whether those be for running machines, for weight training and so on. For example, in my city alone there are somewhere in the region of 200 individual facilities, allowing residents the opportunity to stay healthy wherever they live or work. Moreover, these gyms are often part of larger chains, and it is convenient for their members to be able to visit a range of locations if they wish to do so. As a result, although living in rural areas is traditionally assumed to be better for one’s health, the sheer quantity of available facilities in modern cities means that this stereotype is changing.

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Exercise - page 40

Topic Sentence: "One of the advantages of living in a city is that there are many gym facilities."

Logical Flow: Yes, ideas follow logically with examples, explanations, and contrasts.

Functions of Discourse Markers:

• For example – Example

• What this means is that – Explanation

• Furthermore – Addition

• Despite this – Contrast

• This is because – Cause and effect

• However – Contrast

Incorrect Marker: Because -> Therefore/so

In many countries around the world, life expectancy is increasing.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this situation and give your own opinion.

Write at least 250 words.

EXAM SKILLS

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Write the introduction and the conclusion

In many countries around the world, life expectancy is increasing.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this situation and give your own opinion.

Write at least 250 words.

Life expectancy is rising in many parts of the world, which brings both opportunities and challenges. While this trend has notable benefits, I believe the associated drawbacks, particularly on healthcare and economic systems, make it a complex issue that requires careful management.

In conclusion, while a longer life expectancy can strengthen social and familial structures and offer certain economic advantages, the associated burdens are on healthcare and economic systems.

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Summarise:

1. Continued economic productivity

We find examples of the economic activity of older adults in all parts of the world. For example, farming in developing countries is increasingly dominated by older workers, and a significant proportion of global food comes from small-holdings managed by older people, including many women.Worldwide, an estimated 450 million small-scale farms support a population of roughly 2.2 billion people and represent 85 per cent of all the world’s farms.Evidence from a number of developing countries shows that farm workforces are ageing rapidly: some 70 per cent of farmers in Mozambique, and 80 per cent in Indonesia are already over the age of 45.It is essential that we recognise this, as evidence from Thailand suggests older farmers continue to play an important role in adopting new technology and cropping patterns, given the right support.

2. Many older men and women remain employed

In urban areas, many older men and women remain employed in the formal labour market: half of those in their 60s in the Philippines and Vietnam; 40 per cent in Mexico and Brazil and one third in India and Thailand. In the informal labour market, there is widespread evidence from Africa, Asia and Latin America of older men and women’s ongoing productivity. A recent study from Ethiopia highlighted the labour of older men in construction, and trading; of older women as housemaids, traders and craft makers. Similarly, in India, older men often run small businesses including trading, while older women undertake domestic support work. Crucially, older adults also free up the time of younger people from household responsibilities, enabling them to undertake paid labour.

3. How older people contribute to the wider community

A recent study of community work in Asia found that more than a quarter of Indians and Taiwanese and a fifth of Filipino and Chinese men and women in their 60s and 70s regularly helped in the wider community, providing assistance to individuals of all ages. Other studies have highlighted the importance of the local knowledge and community-organising skills of older people’s associations in disaster relief efforts.

In the Philippines, older people’s associations were invaluable to implementing disaster risk reduction programmes after Typhoon Ketsana hit in 2009 and played an important part in reconstruction efforts after Typhoon Haiyan in 2013.

Audio Response

Summarise:

1. Continued economic productivity

We find examples of the economic activity of older adults in all parts of the world. For example, farming in developing countries is increasingly dominated by older workers, and a significant proportion of global food comes from small-holdings managed by older people, including many women.Worldwide, an estimated 450 million small-scale farms support a population of roughly 2.2 billion people and represent 85 per cent of all the world’s farms.Evidence from a number of developing countries shows that farm workforces are ageing rapidly: some 70 per cent of farmers in Mozambique, and 80 per cent in Indonesia are already over the age of 45.It is essential that we recognise this, as evidence from Thailand suggests older farmers continue to play an important role in adopting new technology and cropping patterns, given the right support.

2. Many older men and women remain employed

In urban areas, many older men and women remain employed in the formal labour market: half of those in their 60s in the Philippines and Vietnam; 40 per cent in Mexico and Brazil and one third in India and Thailand. In the informal labour market, there is widespread evidence from Africa, Asia and Latin America of older men and women’s ongoing productivity. A recent study from Ethiopia highlighted the labour of older men in construction, and trading; of older women as housemaids, traders and craft makers. Similarly, in India, older men often run small businesses including trading, while older women undertake domestic support work. Crucially, older adults also free up the time of younger people from household responsibilities, enabling them to undertake paid labour.

3. How older people contribute to the wider community

A recent study of community work in Asia found that more than a quarter of Indians and Taiwanese and a fifth of Filipino and Chinese men and women in their 60s and 70s regularly helped in the wider community, providing assistance to individuals of all ages. Other studies have highlighted the importance of the local knowledge and community-organising skills of older people’s associations in disaster relief efforts.

In the Philippines, older people’s associations were invaluable to implementing disaster risk reduction programmes after Typhoon Ketsana hit in 2009 and played an important part in reconstruction efforts after Typhoon Haiyan in 2013.

Open Audio Recorder

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Make an outline for the first main body paragraph

In many countries around the world, life expectancy is increasing.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this situation and give your own opinion.

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Write the first main body paragraph

In many countries around the world, life expectancy is increasing.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this situation and give your own opinion.

One significant advantage of increased life expectancy is the strengthening of family bonds, as older individuals have more time to spend with loved ones. They can share their life experiences, which enriches the younger generations' understanding of traditions and values. Economically, a longer life can extend working years, adding to the workforce and enhancing productivity, particularly in knowledge-based jobs. Additionally, seniors contribute through volunteer work and community activities, boosting societal well-being. These benefits highlight the positive social and economic implications of a longer lifespan.

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Make an outline for the second main body paragraph

In many countries around the world, life expectancy is increasing.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this situation and give your own opinion.

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Write the second main body paragraph

In many countries around the world, life expectancy is increasing.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this situation and give your own opinion.

Conversely, increased life expectancy poses challenges, particularly for healthcare systems. Older adults are more likely to suffer from chronic conditions, leading to higher medical costs and stretched healthcare services. The financial burden extends to social security systems, where more resources are needed to support the aging population. Additionally, this shift can lead to higher dependency ratios, with fewer working-age individuals supporting more retirees. Such scenarios may slow economic growth and place stress on younger workers, increasing tax demands. These economic and social challenges illustrate the potential downside of an aging society that lives longer.