Water Lesson

Water!

We're going to be going over water and all its properties!

Shape of water

Water consists of 1 Oxygen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms

Let’s get started!

All life needs water. Why?

STOP!

Essential Question

●

Water is a compound made up of the elements
hydrogen and oxygen.

●

An element is made of one type of atom and cannot
be broken down by chemical means.

●

A compound is a substance formed
when two or more different elements
are chemically bonded together.

Oxygen

8P

H2O Molecule Diagram

subscript

Hydrogen

1P

Hydrogen

H2O Molecule Diagram

Oxygen

8P

1P

Hydrogen

H2O Molecule Diagram

Oxygen

Hydrogen

+

+

1P

1P

_
8P
8P

1P

1P

H2O Molecule Diagram

POLES

Hydrogen

Hydrogen

+

+

1P

1P

H2O Molecule Diagram

Oxygen

_
8P

H2O is water’s
_____________

_

chemical formula

Water is a COMPOUND

Water Properties Review

Structure of Water

Water Structure

• 1 molecule of water is H2O

• hydrogen has a positive charge

• oxygen has a negative charge

• one negative cancels out one positive, leaving an overall positive charge

Multiple Choice

One water molecule is made up of....

• 2 oxygen and 1 hydrogen

• 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen

• 1 helium and 2 oxygen

• 2 hydgen and 2 oxygen

Multiple Choice

Hydrogen has a _____ charge

• positive

• negative

• neutral

Multiple Choice

Oxygen has a ______ charge

• positive

• negative

• neutral

Open Ended

Why does water have an overall positive charge?

Water is a Polar Molecule

Multiple Choice

What does water being a polar molecule mean?

• water is attracted to magnets

• the positive end of 1 water moleucule is attracted to another molecules positive end

• They are related to the polar bear

• the positive end of 1 water molecule is attracted to another molecules negative end

EVERYTHING WATER DOES IS BECAUSE IT IS POLAR

Polar means the positive (hydrogen) end of one water molecule is attracted to the negative end of the oxygen in another molecule

Water is the Universal Solvent

Water is the Universal Solvent

• water dissolves all 3 states of matter

• water dissolves only other polar substances

• solvent: does the dissolving

• solute: gets dissolved

• solution: final product

• happens because water is polar

Multiple Select

Check all of the following statements that are TRUE

• water can dissolve all 3 states of matter

• water can only dissolve solids

• water is the universal solvent because it is polar

• water only dissolves non polar substances

• water only dissolves polar substances

Multiple Choice

Lucy made lemonade by adding sugar and lemon juice to a glass of water. Which property of water makes it possible for Lucy to make the lemonade?

• Water is available most places

• Water is a good solute in many solvents

• Water is a good solvent for many solutes

• Water has a high boiling point compared to many other substances

Multiple Choice

Water has many unique chemical properties. Which property of water makes water a good solvent of crystalline salts?

• Strong polarity

• Weak conductivity

• High viscosity

• low pH

Open Ended

Water does not dissolve oils, why?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following examples is an exception to water as a universal solvent?

• acid rain

• ocean water

• sandy water

• carbonated water

Adhesion and Cohesion

Adhesion and Cohesion

• Usually go together

• Adhesion: water "sticking" to other POLAR substances

• Cohesion: water "sticking" to more water

• Happens because water is polar

Multiple Choice

Adhesion is...

• where water "sticks" to other water molecules

• where water "sticks" to other polar substances

Multiple Choice

Cohesion is...

• where water "sticks" to other water molecules

• where water "sticks" to other polar substances

Multiple Choice

True or false: whenever there is adhesion there is usually cohesion, they go together

• True, they usually go together at the same time

• False, they are similar but don't usually happen at the same time

Capillary Action

Capillary Action

• gives water the ability to "climb"

• major example is getting water to the top of trees (we did the paper towel example in class)

• caused because water is polar and adhesion/cohesion

Multiple Select

Check all the examples of capillary action

• water collecting on a penny and not spreading

• water being pulled up to the tops of trees

• water climbing up a paper towel when the corner is placed in water

• paper clips floating on the top of water if placed carefully

Multiple Choice

What allows capillary action to happen?

• water is polar and has positive buoyancy

• water is polar and cohesion/adhesion

• water is polar and it has a high specific heat

• water is polar with a neutral pH

Surface Tension

Surface Tension

• tightness across the surface of water

• belly flop (the more force the more it pushes back)

• caused becuase water is polar

Multiple Choice

The unique property of water that allows some insects to "walk on water" or paper clips to float is known as ___.

• adhesion

• surface tension

• cohesion

• elastic force

Specific Heat

Specific Heat

• the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of something by 1 degree celsius

• the reason why the pool is still cold in June

• water has a high specific heat

Multiple Choice

What kind of specific heat does water have?

• high

• low

pH

pH

• measurement of how acidic a substance is

• Range of 0-14

• lower the number the more acidic, the higher the more alkaline or basic it is

Multiple Choice

Which pH has more acid in it?

• Something with a pH of 2

• Something with a pH of 14

Multiple Choice

Most of the freshwater on earth is found in...

• ice caps/glaciers

• groundwater

• saltwater

Multiple Choice

Most of water's properties are because it....

• is wet

• is polar

• has a 1 g/mL density

• has a high specific heat

Water cycle

Multiple Choice

Where does the energy needed for the water cycle to occur, come from?

• The Moon

• The Sun

• Producers

• Omnivores

Water boils at 100^o Fahrenheit (F). When it becomes a gas it is less dense than both ice and liquid water.

Water freezes at 0^o Celsius (C). When it freezes, it forms a lattice like structure (expands) that makes it less dense than liquid water.

Boiling and Freezing

Multiple Choice

At what temperature is water most likely to be in vapor form?

• -10 C

• 20 C

• 90 C

• 120 C

Bonus Questions!

Here are some fun fact questions you may have not known about the water cycle!

Multiple Choice

Forms of precipitation are-

• only sleet and snow
• rain, sleet, hail, and snow
• only dew and rain 
• only snow and rain

Multiple Choice

What percentage of Earth's fresh water that is not frozen

• 97%

• 1%

• 100%

• 3%

Multiple Choice

What is another name or synonym for the water cycle?

• Geologic cycle

• Hydrologic cycle

• Geosphere

• Carbon cycle

Multiple Choice

What is it called when plants give off water vapor as a waste product?

• condensation
• evaporation
• sublimation
• transpiration

Multiple Choice

One characteristic that is unique to water is that it

• has a low specific heat.

• can be changed from a liquid to a solid.

• dissolves very few substances.

• exists naturally in three states on Earth.

Open Ended

What is erosion?

Open Ended

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

Multiple Choice

What are two types of weathering?

• weathering and erosion

• chemical and physical

Multiple Choice

The process that breaks rocks apart without changing them chemically

• erosion

• chemical weathering

• physical (mechanical) weathering

• acid rain

Multiple Choice

What are two types of physical (mechanical) weathering?

• ice wedging and abrasion

• acid rain and oxidation

Multiple Choice

What is the best example of a water carved canyon?

• Grand Canyon

• Bryce Canyon

Poll

Which famous place are you going to choose for your brochure?

• Grand Canyon

• Red Rocks Canyon

• Luray Caverns

Deposition

Unlike weathering, which is the breaking down of rock, and erosion, which is the movement of rock away, deposition is the leaving of rock behind (depositing) like when a glacier slides down a mountain.

Match

A glacier can travel over the surface of Earth and reshape it. The chart describes three things a glacier can do. Place each term below beside the correct action.

• breaks large rocks into smaller ones

• pushes broken rocks ahead of itself

• leaves broken rocks behind when the front edge melts

weathering

erosion

deposition

• weathering

• erosion

• deposition