Comparing Chinese Philosophies

Chinese Philosophies

INSTRUCTIONS: Use the information in these slides to fill out your chart on Chinese Philosophies. Write what's in yellow. Answer the questions throughout. Your chart combined with the Quizizz questions will count as an ASSESSMENT GRADE - 100 points! (DUE TODAY - turn your chart in to Mrs. Kratzer)

• Confucianism began in the 6th century, BC.

• Confucianism is a philosophy based on the teachings of its' founder - Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC)

• Confucius was China's most famous teacher, philosopher, & political theorist

• His ideas have had a profound & lasting effect on China & other East Asian countries

​

​^{CONFUCIANISM - FOUNDER}

Multiple Select

Confucius was a Chinese _________________. (SELECT THREE)

Reread the previous slide if you're not sure.

• Emperor

• Philosopher

• Teacher

• Political Theorist

• people are good at heart

• believed conflicts could be resolved through proper meditation rather than abstract rules

• rulers should lead by example

• children must show filial piety - respect for parents

• being educated is what sets men apart from one another

​

​^{CONFUCIANISM - BELIEFS}

• Confucius believed in 5 relationships necessary for social order:

  1. father to son

  2. older brother to younger brother

  3. husband to wife

  4. ruler to subject

  5. friend to friend

• ​If society begins to struggle, it's because these relationships aren't properly aligned.

​^{CONFUCIANISM - BELIEFS}

Dropdown

Confucius believed in 5 key relationships that were necessary to establish good social order: Father to ​ ​

Select answer

, older brother to ​

Select answer

, husband to​

Select answer

, ruler to ​

Select answer

, and friend to​

Select answer

. (Use your chart)

• traditional values are very heavily enforced

• Family loyalty is very important

• women were treated poorly

• rulers govern by moral example

• education = road for advancement

  (civil service exam was used to pick suitable people for govt. positions)

​

​^{CONFUCIANISM - EFFECTS}

Open Ended

What was ONE effect Confucianism had on the people of China? (Use your chart)

​

• _{“Do not do to others what you do not wish for yourself”}

• _{“While a father or mother is alive, a son should not travel far”}

• _{“Real knowledge is to know the extent of one’s own ignorance”}

• _{“By nature, men are pretty much alike; it is learning and practice that set them apart”}

​^{CONFUCIANISM - QUOTES}

Match

Match each Confucius quote with the best explanation or description.

• Do no do unto others what you do not wish for yourself.

• While a mother or father is alive, a son should not travel far.

• Real knowledge is to know the extent of one's ignorance.

• By nature, men are pretty much alike; it is learning & practice that set them apart.

Very similar to the golden rule.

Demonstrates filial piety.

Knowing what your limitations are.

What we learn & what we do matters.

• Very similar to the golden rule.

• Demonstrates filial piety.

• Knowing what your limitations are.

• What we learn & what we do matters.

• ​Legalism began during the Warring States period in China (475 - 221 BC)

• Hanfeizi was a philosopher & Legalist & is often seen as the founder of Legalism

• Legalism became the basis for rule during Imperial China dynasties

• Mao Zedong was inspired by Legalism when establishing Communism in modern China

​^{LEGALISM - FOUNDER}

• ​People are basically evil at heart & purely motivated by greed

• Because of this, Legalism emphasizes strict enforcement of the law

• Strength is a ruler's strongest virtues, not goodness

• Order is achieved by passing strict laws with harsh punishments

​^{LEGALISM - BELIEFS}

Multiple Choice

TRUE OR FALSE: The core beliefs of Confucianism and Legalism are nearly identical.

• True

• False

Poll

POLL QUESTION: Look back over your chart at the core beliefs of Confucianism & Legalism - which one do you feel you agree with more?

• Confucianism

• Legalism

• ​When Legalist rulers were in power, people were treated very harshly

• Peace, order, & social welfare came before individual (human) rights

• Modern day Chinese government is still affected by this mindset of society first, individuals second

​^{LEGALISM - EFFECTS}

Poll

POLL QUESTION: In the United States, do you think we put society first or individuals first?

• Society

• Individuals

Multiple Choice

COMPARISON: What ruler have we discussed this year who developed very harsh punishments to deter law breaking, like Legalism?

• Xerxes from Persia

• Alexander the Great from Macedonia

• King Tut from Egypt

• Hammurabi from Babylon

• ​"The nature of man is evil. His goodness is acquired."

• "The ruler alone possess power, wielding it like lightning or thunder."

​^{LEGALISM - QUOTES}

• ​Daoism began around 500 BC

• The founder of Daoism (also known as Taoism) is Laozi

• Laozi was a philosopher, historian, and writer

• According to some legends, Laozi, in his old age, met a younger Confucius, and chastised him for his pride and ambition, greatly humbling the young Confucius.

​^{DAOISM - FOUNDER}

Multiple Select

Laozi, the founder of Daoism, was a Chinese _______________. (SELECT THREE)

• Philosopher

• Doctor

• Writer

• Historian

• ​No interest in social order or govt. as a whole

• Most concerned with individuals finding a way to live in harmony with nature; Yin & Yang are both needed for balance & harmony

• "Dao" - the way of the whole universe

• Rejected conflict, emphasized the virtue of yielding (going with the flow)

• govt. seen as unnatural

​^{DAOISM - BELIEFS}

Poll

Yin and Yang are complementary forces that represent opposites that are necessary to be "whole" or "balanced". Look at the chart, and determine if you identify more as Yin or Yang.

• Yin

• Yang

• Both

Open Ended

Identify FIVE additional "opposites" - example: Moving/Still (you can't use my example)

• ​View people as part of nature

• people respect nature and its forces, viewing them as necessary and positive

• The best government is the one that governs least

​^{DAOISM - EFFECTS}

• "If the people are difficult to govern, it is because those in authority are too fond of action."

​^{DAOISM - QUOTES}

Open Ended

Based on what you've learned today, how do you think Daoists and Legalists would have viewed each others' beliefs?

Matching game

INSTRUCTIONS: Read the quotes on the following slides and determine if it fits best with Confucianism, Legalism, or Daoism. TIP: The Legalism ones will probably be obvious. For Daoism and Confucianism, just remember that Daoism is ultra peaceful, go with the flow. Confucianism is largely about self-improvement & having positive relationships with others.

Multiple Choice

"Is virtue a thing remote? I wish to be virtuous, and lo, virtue is at hand."

• Confucianism

• Legalism

• Daoism

Multiple Choice

"The skilled ruler does not go after such unpredictable goodness, but walks the path of certain success."

• Confucianism

• Legalism

• Daoism

Multiple Choice

"Nature does not hurry, yet everything is accomplished."

• Confucianism

• Legalism

• Daoism

Multiple Choice

"The best fighter is never angry."

• Confucianism

• Legalism

• Daoism

Multiple Choice

"Forget injuries, never forget kindness."

• Confucianism

• Legalism

• Daoist

Multiple Choice

"Respect yourself and others will respect you."

• Confucianism

• Legalism

• Daoism

Multiple Choice

"To govern the state by law is to praise the right and blame the wrong."

• Confucianism

• Legalism

• Daoism

Multiple Choice

"It is dangerous for a ruler to trust others. He who trusts others can be manipulated by others."

• Confucianism

• Legalism

• Daoism

Multiple Choice

"Doing nothing is better than being busy doing nothing."

• Confucianism

• Legalism

• Daoism

Multiple Choice

"People are submissive to power, and few of them can be influenced by doctrines of righteousness."

• Confucianism

• Legalism

• Daoism

Multiple Choice

"It does not matter how slowly you go, as long as you don't stop."

• Confuciaism

• Legalism

• Daoism

Multiple Choice

"A good traveler has no fixed plans and is not intent on arriving."

• Confucianism

• Legalism

• Daoism

Multiple Choice

"Have no friends not equal to yourself."

• Confucianism

• Legalism

• Daoism