Cambridge Unit 3 grammar

Grammar:
The passive
(Un)countable nouns
No, none, not & co

Just kidding. It is not that bad.

The passive

The passive

• Gebruik:
  Onbelangrijk / onbekend / overduidelijk / vermijden wie handeling heeft verricht
  Nadruk op wat niet wie

• Vorm:

  Altijd een vorm van to be + voltooid deelwoord (walked, helped, made, been, ...)
  

The passive

Passive vorm:

• Altijd een vorm van to be + voltooid deelwoord (walked, helped, made, been, ...)
  Maar je hebt nog steeds te maken met de tijdsvormen!

​Active	Passive
John never takes the dog for a walk.	The dog is never taken for a walk (by John).
​​I am writing an essay.	​An essay is being written (by me).
​Our teacher has made a mistake.	A mistake has been made (by our teacher).
​My brother cooked a meal.	A meal was cooked (by my brother).
I will make a game.	A game will be made (by me).

Match

Match the following active and passive sentences.

• Tim made a podcast.

• Tim has made a podcast.

• Tim had made a podcast.

• Tim was making a podcast.

• Tim is making a podcast.

A podcast was made by Tim.

A podcast has been made by Tim.

A podcast had been made by Tim.

A podcast was being made by Tim.

A podcast is being made by Tim.

• A podcast was made by Tim.

• A podcast has been made by Tim.

• A podcast had been made by Tim.

• A podcast was being made by Tim.

• A podcast is being made by Tim.

Uncountable vs countable nouns

• Countable nouns
  Individual things that can be counted
  Can be singular or plural (1 car, 2 cars -> a/this/each car, no/some/many/a few cars)

• Uncountable nouns

  Neither singular nor plural (gasoline, knowledge)

  Cannot be divided into separate items

  Want to use a quantity? Add a phrase like "a lot of, two cups of, twenty litres of..."

Nouns that can be countable or uncountable

Many nouns can be both countable and uncountable, depending on the context

Would you like some chocolate? (= uncountable, the food in general)
There are only two chocolates left in the box. (= individual items)

Categorize

Options (10)

We own a cat.

Each hand has a thumb and four other fingers.

There are many teachers in this school.

I have never seen a blizzard before.

We use electricity to heat our house.

Is there any coffee left?

Could you give me some advice please?

Do you have enough money with you?

He owns many businesses.

I would like to do business with you.

To count or not to count, that is the question.

Determine if the words in italics are uncountable or countable in English.

Countable

Unountable

Last but not least: no, none, not, etc

No
With (un)countable nouns, comparisons, and with different ("I have no idea" "It is no worse / no different...")

None
Followed by of + plural / uncountable (pro)noun ("None of my friends like/likes to read.")
Or used on its own ("We need to buy some eggs. There are none left.")

Not
Makes verbs negative ( "I did not leave" ) or other words / phrases negative ( "I ordered tea, not coffee" "Not everyone can do the moonwalk")

But beware of double negatives

But beware of double negatives!
I've had hardly no coffee in the house these past few days. X ->

I've had hardly any coffee in the house these past few days.



Luckily, various forms of 'any' can come to your rescue in case of double negatives!
(anyone, anything, anywhere, any...)

Multiple Choice

A. ... of my friends showed up at the party.
B. So it was ... a lot of fun being there.

C. I was also unable to find ... food that I liked.

D. Apparently there are ... advantages to a large friend group.

• no, no, none, not

• none, not, none, no

• none, not, any, no.

• no, not, none, no