7.5.1-Cells and Life

​The microscope

​Looking at cells and discovering the three parts of the cell theory wouldn't have been possible without the microscope. Cells are too small to see without a microscope.

Multiple Choice

English scientist who observed thin slices of dead cork and called the little compartments "cells"

• Robert Hooke
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• Theodor Schwann

Multiple Choice

Who was the first to describe and name cells while viewing dead plant cells?

• Hooke

• Schliden

• Schwann

• Virchow

Multiple Choice

Which scientist first called spaces "cells"?

• Jannsenn

• Leewenhoek

• Hooke

• Schleiden

Robert Hooke

​1665

​

First to call spaces in corks "cells"

Robert Hooke

In 1665 he used a early microscope to examine what we now call cells.

He called them cells because they reminded him of the little cells in which monks slept in.

Theodore Schwann

In the 1800's he discovered that all animals are made of cells.

This was contributed to the cell theory.

Multiple Choice

Said that all animals are made of cells

• Hooke

• Virchow

• Schleiden

• Schwann

Rudolf Virchow

Rudolf Virchow learned that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Contributed to the cell theory.

Multiple Choice

Proposed that all cells come from other cells

• Leeuwenhoek

• Schleiden

• Schwann

• Virchow

Matthias Schlieden

In the 1800's Matthias Schlieden discovered that all plants are made of cells.

This was contributed to the cell theory.

Multiple Choice

Said that all plants are made of cells

• Hooke

• Virchow

• Schleiden

• Schwann

Multiple Choice

Which statement was NOT included in cell theory?

• All living things are composed of cells.

• Living cells come only from other living cells.

• Each cell contains a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.

• Cells are the smallest structure of living things that can perform the functions necessary for life.

Multiple Choice

Which instrument is credited for helping scientists develop cell theory?

Multiple Choice

Who discovered and named cells while looking at cork?

• Captain Hook

• Robert Hooke

• Matthais Schleiden

• Rudolf Virchow

Multiple Choice

What was Schleiden convinced of?

• All plants are made of cells

• All animals are made of cells

• All cells are prokaryotic

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

Who noted that all animals are made of cells and helped write the first two parts of cell theory?

• Rudolf Virchow

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• Theodor Schwann

• Robert Hooke

Multiple Choice

Who discovered that all cells come from other living cells and had research that lead to the last major principle of cell theory?

• Matthias Schleiden

• Theodore Schwann

• Robert Hooke

• Rudolf Virchow

Multiple Choice

Robert Hooke, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow, and Matthias Schliden were all responsible for what theory?

• The Theory of Gravity

• The Theory of Relativity

• The Cell Theory

• The Theory of Continental Drift

Multiple Choice

All living things are made up of...

• cells

• tissues

• organ

• organ systems

Multiple Choice

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things?

• atom

• cell

• bacteria

• animalcules

Multiple Choice

All cells -----

• come from other dead cells

• come from other living cells

• crystallize out of the air

Multiple Choice

What kind of cell is this?

• plant

• animal

Multiple Choice

What kind of cell is this?

• plant

• animal

Multiple Choice

What type of cell is pictured above?

• Plant Cell

• Animal Cell

Multiple Choice

What type of cell is pictured above?

• Plant Cell

• Animal Cell

Macromolecules

Sheltered Biology

Macromolecules are also called Biomolecules

They are small molecules that are necessary for life! Cells need them to work!

Multiple Choice

True or False?

Macromolecules are tiny molecules that cells need.

• True

• False

Proteins

Proteins

• Proteins are made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

• The monomer for proteins is the amino acid.

• There are 20 different amino acids.

• Proteins can have many functions in living things: structural, enzymes, hormones, movement, immune system (antibodies)

Multiple Choice

What macromolecule is depicted in the previous slide?

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

What macromolecule is depicted in the previous slide?

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

What macromolecule is depicted in the previous slide?

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

What is the more abundant in potatoes?

• Proteins

• Cellulose

• Starch

• Glucose

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule contains both nitrogen and phosphorous?

• Nucleic Acid

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

Multiple Select

Nucleic Acids are made of which elements?

• Carbon (C)

• Hydrogen (H)

• Oxygen (O)

• Nitrogen (N)

• Phosphorus (P)

Multiple Choice

This image is an example of a specific type of nucleic acid that is called ___________.

• DNA
• RNA
• ATP
• QNA

Lipids

Lipids are made of fatty acids

There are two types: saturated and unsaturated

Lipids

• Lipids are used for long term energy storage

• Lipids include fats, oils, and waxes

• Foods that include a lot of lipids are oils and butter, some fish, nuts,and avocados

Multiple Select

Example(s) of Lipids are...

• Sugar

• Olive Oil

• Butter

• Bread

Multiple Choice

When reading the nutrition facts on food packaging total fats is a measure of...

• Carbohydrate

• Lipids

• Water

• Protein

Multiple Select

A lipid is a macromolecule that is used to...

• give cells/systems energy.

• build cell parts.

• give cells/systems long term energy storage.

• help cells with chemical processes.

Carbohydrates

Monomer or "building block" is called a monosaccharide

Polymer is called a polysaccharide

Key examples: glucose (monomer), starch (polymer)

Carbohydrates

• Used for short-term energy

• Labeled as "sugars" in nutrition facts

• Foods with a lot of carbohydrates include bread and pasta

Multiple Choice

A carbohydrate is a macromolecule that is used to...

• give cells/systems energy.

• build cell parts.

• give cells/systems long term energy storage.

• help cells with chemical processes.

Multiple Choice

When reading the ingredients on a nutrition facts label carbohydrates are written as a type of

• food additive

• enzyme

• sugar

• protein

Multiple Select

Starch is...

• a protein

• a carbohydrate

• a lipid