IR & Social Reforms synchronous review

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After industrialization, living conditions greatly changed due to people working in

.

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The
_________________ of _______________________  changed because of industrialization and urbanization, some got better but the majority got worse

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The first economic system to emerge from industrialization was

promoted by Adam Smith.

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Because of the negative effects of Adam Smith's system, Robert Owen introduced a new system called

, where the main goal was to eliminate economic inequality.

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Meanwhile, Karl Marx wanted the working class (proletariat) to overthrow the government and create a classless & stateless society with collective ownership. His economic system became known as

.

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In addition to new economic systems, social

movements began to spring up in Western society. (Western society means Europe and the Americas)

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was a labor reform movement seeking to end forced labor (slavery)

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Workers' rights movement led to the formation of

.

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labor laws ended harsh working conditions for many under the age of 14.

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reform led to mandatory public schooling starting in the mid 19th century.

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movements sought to expand voting rights, first for more men, and then to women.

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In addition to the reform movements, there were new directions in science, religion, and art. Charles Darwin increased common knowledge biology, but soon people began to use his idea of “survival of the fittest” to defend racism in a movement known as Social

.
(Not at all what Darwin had in mind)

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In

ism Writers, painters, and musical composers left the logic and reason of the Enlightenment behind and created art about emotion, individualism, and appreciation of nature. Example: Lord Byron, Beethoven

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In

ism Writers and painters created things that reflected authentic life, with the harshness of reality. Example: Charles Dickens

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In

ism Painters capture fleeting moments of light and atmosphere through loose brushstrokes, primarily focusing on capturing the essence of a scene instead of the real exactness. Example: Vincent Van Gogh