4.9 Economic Activities part 1

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4.9 Economic Activities Part 1

Open Ended

Identify and Explain are the basic needs all humans must satisfy, and how do people meet those needs in different parts of the world?

USE ACE, 3rd POV

Stem: One way people satisfy the basic need for ___ is by ___, and this can differ in other parts of the world because ___

Goods and Services

• Goods:

  • Tangible items that can be produced, purchased, or consumed.

  • Examples: food, clothing, tools, electronics.

• Services:

  • Intangible actions or activities performed for others.

  • Examples: healthcare, education, transportation, entertainment.

Differences in Production Across Cultures and Economies

• Subsistence Economies:

  • Focus on producing goods to meet immediate basic needs.

  • Examples: small-scale farming, handmade crafts, fishing.

  • Common in rural areas and developing regions.

  • Production is often local, with minimal trade.

Differences in Production Across Cultures and Economies

• Market Economies:

  • Goods and services are produced based on supply and demand.

  • Examples: factories producing cars, private companies offering tech support.

  • Common in industrialized and urbanized regions.

  • Heavy reliance on trade networks and specialization.

Differences in Production Across Cultures and Economies

• Command Economies:

  • Centralized governments determine production.

  • Focus can vary from producing goods to offering government-controlled services.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following countries listed was one that would've had a command economy during the 20th century?

• United States
• Canada
• Australia
• Soviet Union

THE SOVIET UNION!!!!!!!!!!!

Poll

Which country today do you think is the only one that fully uses a command economy?

• Ethiopia

• North Korea

• Russia

• Germany

• China

Source: Copy of the Second Five Year Plan (1933) of the Soviet Union from the work of DEFEND THE SOVIET UNION BY SPREADING THE FACTS (a Canadanian book)

The XVIIth Conference of the Party holds that the following tasks must be put before the most important branches of national economy in the second Five-Year Plan:—

A. The objective of the iron and steel industry is to be at least 22 million tons of pig iron in 1937 and to provide the necessary grades of steel for the machine industry. To accomplish this, the metal industry must be completely reconstructed, new plants must be built and equipped with modern powerful machinery and provided with thoroughly prepared raw material, employing electricity in production and utilising all

by-products.

B. The aim of the non-ferrous metal industry is to be the production of copper, lead, zinc, aluminium, and precious metals sufficient to meet the needs of the country in a second Five-Year Plan period. For this purpose, the method of selective flotation, of smelting pulverised ore, new types of raw material, etc., must be used.
C. The slow rate of development of the chemical industry, as compared with the rate in the whole of national economy, must be put right. Special attention is to be paid to the development of the basic chemical industry and particularly the production of fertilisers, for which purpose the re-equipment of plants and extensive new construction is to be assured.

Open Ended

Evaluate one potential challenge the government might face in achieving the goals outlined in the source.

USE ACE, 3rd POV

STEM: One potential challenge the government might face in achieving the goals outlined in the source would be....

Open Ended

Identify and describe one economic goal outlined in the second Five-Year Plan described in the source.

USE ACE, 3rd POV

Stem: One economic goal outlined in the second Five-Year Plan described in the source was the.....

Open Ended

Explain how the strategies described in the source reflect the priorities of a command economy.

USE ACE, 3rd POV

Stem: The strategies described in the source reflect the priorities of a command economy in that they would......

Open Ended

Identify and explain what is the purpose of the source within the HIPP component.

STEM: The purpose of the second five year plan of the Soviet Union....

Differences in Production Across Cultures and Economies

• Mixed Economies:

  • Combination of market-driven and government-regulated production.

  • Examples: Public healthcare (service) alongside private companies producing consumer goods.

Cultural Influences on Production

• Resource Availability:

  • Example: Countries rich in natural resources like oil (e.g., Saudi Arabia) focus on resource extraction (goods).

  • Regions with limited natural resources often emphasize services (e.g., tourism in small island nations).

• Traditional Practices:

  • Example: Indigenous communities producing handmade textiles or pottery for trade.

  • Cultural values may prioritize sustainability or community-focused production.

• Technology and Innovation:

  • Advanced economies focus on high-tech goods and services.

Globalization and the Interconnection of Goods and Services

• Global Supply Chains:

  • Goods are often produced in one country and consumed in another.

  • Example: Smartphones – designed in the US, assembled in China, sold worldwide.

• Outsourcing Services:

  • Services such as customer support are outsourced to countries with skilled labor but lower wages.

  • Example: Call centers in India or the Philippines.

Introduction to Trade Patterns

• Trade has been essential for meeting human needs and exchanging goods, ideas, and culture across civilizations.

• Historically, trade routes connected regions over vast distances, influencing economies, societies, and even the environment.

The Silk Road (c. 130 BCE - 1453 CE):

• A network of overland and maritime routes connecting East Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.

• Silk, spices, porcelain (East Asia) ↔ Horses, glassware, gold (Middle East and Europe).

• Spread of religions (Buddhism, Islam, Christianity), technologies (paper-making, gunpowder), and ideas.

• Geographic barriers (deserts, mountains), reliance on intermediaries and caravans, and vulnerability to bandits.

Open Ended

Identify and explain one feature of the trade network shown in the image and explain its significance to the exchange of goods and ideas along the Silk Road.

USE ACE, 3rd POV

Stem: One feature of the trade network shown in the image and explain its significance to the exchange of goods and ideas along the Silk Road is the.....

The Indian Ocean Trade Network (c. 800 CE - 1500s):

• Maritime trade routes connecting East Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.

• Spices, ivory, textiles, gold.

• Spread of Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism; exchange of navigational technologies like the astrolabe and lateen sail.

• Monsoon winds allowed predictable trade cycles.

Globalization and Modern Trade Patterns

• The Rise of China as a Global Trade Power:

  • China’s Economic Transformation:

    • Opened its markets in the late 20th century (e.g., 1978 reforms under Deng Xiaoping).

      • Became the "world's factory" due to low labor costs and export-driven growth.

• Key Exports:

  • Electronics, machinery, textiles.

• Belt and Road Initiative (BRI):

  • Revives Silk Road connections by building infrastructure to link Asia, Africa, and Europe.

Belt and Road Intiative

Open Ended

Excerpt from Council on Foreign Relations's 2023 article titled: China’s Massive Belt and Road Initiative

China has both geopolitical and economic motivations behind the initiative. Xi has promoted a vision of a more assertive China, even as the country’s outstanding loans have grown to the equivalent of over a quarter of its GDP.

Finally, Beijing could seek geopolitical leverage over BRI countries. A 2021 study analyzed over one hundred debt financing contracts China signed with foreign governments and found that the contracts often contain clauses that restrict restructuring with the group of twenty-two major creditor nations known as the “Paris Club.” China also frequently retains the right to demand repayment at any time, giving Beijing the ability to use funding as a tool to enforce Chinese hot button issues such as Taiwan or the treatment of Uyghurs. In January 2022, Nicaragua officially joined BRI, one month after severing diplomatic ties with Taiwan.

Identify and describe one economic motivation behind China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) mentioned in the source and explain its significance to global trade.

USE ACE, 3rd POV.
Stem: one economic motivation behind China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) mentioned in the source and explain its significance to global trade....

Globalization and Modern Trade Patterns

• E-Commerce and Digital Trade:

  • What it is:

    • Online platforms like Amazon, Alibaba, and Shopify facilitate trade without physical markets.

• Global Impact:

  • Increases accessibility for small businesses worldwide.

  • Expands consumer choice but raises concerns over labor exploitation and environmental sustainability.

Globalization and Modern Trade Patterns

• Global Supply Chains:

  • What it is:

    • The interdependence of countries in the production of goods (e.g., a smartphone’s parts made in multiple countries).

• Pros and Cons:

  • Pros: Efficiency, cost reduction, economic growth.

  • Cons: Vulnerability to disruptions

Trade Simulation

• Divide students into groups representing different nations.

• Assign each group specific resources (e.g., oil, technology, agricultural goods).

• Simulate global trade and discuss how the exchange satisfies needs.

Step 1: Introduction (15 minutes)

• Countries can only trade during designated "trade rounds."

  They must negotiate with other countries to meet their needs.

  Trading costs (e.g., transportation fees) are subtracted from their currency or points.

Step 2: Trade Rounds (30 minutes, 10 minutes each round)

• Round 1: Domestic Production

  • Countries assess their resources and needs.

  • They can produce goods internally if they have the required resources and infrastructure (e.g., turning timber into furniture if they have the right cards).

  • Some countries may realize they cannot meet all their needs on their own.

Round 2: International Trade

• Countries negotiate with each other to trade resources and goods.

• Introduce barriers to trade for some countries (e.g., tariffs, sanctions, or geographic obstacles) to simulate real-world challenges.

• Record transactions on a class-wide trade ledger (or have each group track their trades).

Round 3: External Challenges

• Introduce global events like a resource shortage, a natural disaster, or a trade embargo affecting certain countries.

• Countries must adapt by renegotiating trade agreements or finding alternative strategies.