Clauses

​Use why-where-that-whether-how
-the fact that etc:

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Open Ended

1. Onun nerede yaşadığını bilmiyorum.

Open Ended

1. Bize ne zaman geleceğini söyledi mi?

Open Ended

1. O toplantıya katılıp katılmayacağını öğrenmek istiyorum.

Open Ended

1. Bu problemi nasıl çözdüğünü anlattı.

Open Ended

1. Oyun ne zaman bitecek, kimse bilmiyor.

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I often wonder what the future holds for our society and how technology will shape our lives. It is clear to me that the fact that we live in a rapidly changing world influences what our priorities should be. I believe that progress depends on our ability to adapt, and I am curious about whether our innovations will truly benefit everyone.

Many experts argue that artificial intelligence is transforming industries, yet I question if we fully understand what its long-term effects might be. I am often reminded that every new discovery brings both opportunities and challenges, and I consider how these discoveries will affect our daily routines. It is essential that we recognize what our responsibilities are in managing these changes and that we decide how best to prepare for them.

I have heard many scientists say that exploring space is the next frontier, and I wonder why we are so driven to uncover the mysteries of the universe. I believe that our curiosity about how the cosmos works fuels progress, and I think that understanding why celestial events occur is key to unlocking new knowledge. In moments of reflection, I realize that what we choose to learn today determines what our tomorrow will be.

Moreover, I am convinced that education is the foundation of any successful society, and I often contemplate what it means to be truly informed. It is inspiring to see how much potential lies in each new idea, and I am eager to discover what innovations will emerge in the coming years.

Ultimately, I hold firm the belief that our future will be shaped by the choices we make now and that how we respond to these challenges is what defines us.

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1️⃣ TIME CLAUSES ⏳ (When something happens)

Common conjunctions:

🔹 after, before, when, while, since, until, as soon as, as, once

How they work:

• These clauses tell us when an action happens in relation to another.

• The main clause and the time clause are connected, and the time clause cannot stand alone.

Examples:

✅ I will go to bed after I finish my homework.
✅ Before she left, she said goodbye.
✅ Call me as soon as you arrive.

💡 TIP: If the time clause comes first, use a comma.

2️⃣ CONTRAST CLAUSES ⚖️ (Unexpected results or differences)

Common conjunctions:

🔹 although, even though, though, whereas, while

How they work:

• These show a surprising contrast between two ideas.

• The second part is unexpected based on the first part.

Examples:

✅ Although it was raining, they went outside. (It’s surprising they went outside in the rain!)
✅ She worked hard, yet she failed the test. (Unexpected result!)
✅ He loves pizza, whereas she prefers sushi. (Direct contrast between two things.)
.

💡 TIP: Even though is stronger than although.

3️⃣ REASON CLAUSES 🧐 (Why something happens)

Common conjunctions:

🔹 because, since, as, seeing that, now that

How they work:

• These explain the reason for an action.

• The reason clause answers: Why?

Examples:

✅ I stayed home because I was sick. (Why? Because I was sick.)
✅ Since you are here early, let’s start. (Why? Because you are here early.)
✅ Seeing that nobody was listening, she left.

💡 TIP: Because is stronger than since and as.

4️⃣ PURPOSE CLAUSES 🎯 (For what reason?)

Common conjunctions:

🔹 so that, in order that, for the purpose of, with the intention of

How they work:

• These explain the goal or purpose of an action.

• They answer: For what reason?

Examples:

✅ She speaks slowly so that everyone can understand. (Purpose: to help people understand.)
✅ I left early in order that I could catch the train.
✅ He works hard for the purpose of buying a house.

💡 TIP: So that is the most common in spoken English.

5️⃣ CONDITION CLAUSES 🤔 (What if...?)

Common conjunctions:

🔹 if, unless, provided that, in case, even if

How they work:

• These show a condition that must be met for something to happen.

• They answer: What if...?

Examples:

✅ If it rains, we will stay inside. (Condition = "it rains")
✅ You can go out unless you have homework. (Condition = "you have homework")
✅ Even if he apologizes, I won’t forgive him. (No matter what, I won’t forgive him!)
.

💡 TIP: Unless = if not (It is negative in meaning).

6️⃣ RESULT CLAUSES 🚀 (What happens as a result?)

Common conjunctions:

🔹 so, such that, consequently, as a result, thus

How they work:

• These show what happens as a result of something else.

Examples:

✅ She was tired, so she went to bed early. (Result: she went to bed early.)
✅ It was such a good movie that I watched it twice. (The movie was so good = I watched it twice.)
✅ He was late; consequently, he missed the flight.

💡 TIP: So + adjective OR such + (adjective) noun + that

Word Order and Punctuation Rules

✅ Adverbial clause at the end → No comma

• I stayed home because I was sick.
  ✅ Adverbial clause at the beginning → Use a comma

• Because I was sick, I stayed home.

🔹 Practice Tip:
Try swapping the order!
📌 "Since it’s late, we should go."
📌 "We should go since it’s late."
🔹 Some conjunctions can be used in different ways (e.g., while can mean both time and contrast).

Labeling

Examine the picture for 2 minutes, then start to describe and have predictions about it by using the words below:

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

5-until

4-before

3-after

2-while

1-when

Labeling

Examine the picture for 2 minutes, then start to describe and have predictions about it by using the words below:

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

2-as soon as

4-so that

1-since(time)

7-if

3-whereas

6-as(reason)

Labeling

Examine the picture for 2 minutes, then start to describe the picture and have predictions about it by using the words below:

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

7-in order that

1-unless

3-whom

2-as if

6-whose

4-whatever