7.07 and 7.08 Evidence for Evolution

Biology Warm Up

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Multiple Choice

The finches on a Galapagos island changed from having large beaks to having small beaks over time due to excessive rainfall. What type of selection is this?

• Disruptive selection
• Stabilizing selection
• Directional selection

Multiple Choice

In many species of plants, plants that are too short are unable to compete with other plants for sunlight, while plants that are too tall are susceptible to wind damage. This leads to many plants evolving over time to favor the medium height plants. What type of selection is this?

• Stabilizing selection
• Disruptive selection
• Directional selection

Multiple Choice

In some salmon species, large males are able to fight for mates, while small males sneak in to fertilize eggs, but medium-sized males struggle with both strategies, leading to most male salmon to be either small or large. What type of selection is this?

• Stabilizing selection
• Disruptive selection
• Directional selection

Multiple Choice

Which of the following provides the best explanation for how the fossil record can be used as evidence of evolution?

• The fossil record only shows the extinction of species.
• Fossils are not related to evolutionary changes.
• The fossil record provides no information about species adaptation.
• The fossil record shows the progression and adaptation of species over time, providing evidence of evolutionary changes.

Multiple Choice

An example of homologous structures

• Roots of plants and fungi

• Fins of fish and dolphins

• Wings of birds and insects
• Forelimbs of humans, whales, and bats.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best explains why some species develop vestigial structures?

• These structures serve an essential function in all organisms.

• They were functional in ancestors but lost their usefulness over time.

• They arise due to convergent evolution.

• Vestigial structures are the result of environmental pressures leading to mutations.

Multiple Choice

How do homologous structures provide evidence for divergent evolution?

• Homologous structures and divergent evolution are unrelated since they describe different biological processes.

• Divergent evolution only occurs in extinct species, while homologous structures are found in living organisms.

• Homologous structures develop randomly through genetic mutations, unrelated to evolutionary patterns.

• Homologous structures result from divergent evolution, indicating that species with a common ancestor have adapted to different environments.

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT an example of convergent evolution?

• Wings of bats and birds
• Fins of fish and whales
• Arms of humans and wings of bats

• Eyes of octopi and mammals

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is TRUE about embryological evidence for evolution?

• Embryos of different species have no structural similarities.

• Embryological evidence proves that all species evolve at the same rate.

• Organisms that share similar embryonic development likely share a common ancestor.

• All vertebrate embryos are identical throughout development.

Multiple Choice

What type of evolutionary evidence does the presence of cytochrome c, a protein found in almost all living organisms, provide?

• Anatomical

• Molecular

• Embryological

• Fossil

Open Ended

Describe one type of evidence for evolution that we learned about today and explain how it supports the theory of evolution. Provide specific examples in your response.