mar3 using evidence

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Grade 4 Read/Write

Teacher Facing
March 3, 2025

Unit 6: Geology: The Changing Earth Part 1

MRS Icons

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Materials

Student

Teacher

● Identify Relevant Details

● Sequence of Events

● Amplify Reader- Unit 7 Geology:

The Changing Earth

● Response Cards

● Slide Deck
● Amplify Reader- Unit 7 Geology:

The Changing Earth

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LO:

SWBAT use text evidence to support an appropriate

response.

DOL: Given an informational text, students will correctly use
text evidence to support an appropriate response in at least 4 of 5
questions.

Unit 6: Geology: The Changing Earth Part 1

Ⓡ ELA 4.7C use text evidence to support an appropriate response

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text evidence

(noun)

relevant details

(noun)

the most significant pieces

of information that
supports a response

Academic Vocabulary

paraphrased or directly
quoted information from
a source that supports

understanding

paraphrase

(verb)

restate information from

the text in your own

words

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HOT Question

Subject Verb Agreement

A. Today I ate some carrots.

B. Last month I eat some carrots.

C: Can we rode our bikes to the park today?

D: Can we ride our bikes to the park today?

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Know this!

Subject Verb Agreement is when the
subject of a sentence, who or what
matches with verb they are doing.

Subject Verb Agreement

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Know this!

Subject Verb Agreement is when the
subject of a sentence, who or what
matches with verb they are doing.

Today I ate some carrots.

What is the subject?

What is the verb?

Do they agree?

D: Can we ride our bikes to the park
today?

What is the subject?
What is the verb?
Do they agree?

1. Read the sentence.

What change should be made to
the sentence?

A. Change weekend to

weekends

B. Change swim to swam
C. Change very to vary
D. Change fast to fastest

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Do Now

Last weekend, she swim very
fast during the championship
meet.

Open Ended

Last weekend, she swim very
fast during the championship
meet.

Type your answer and submit.

2. Read the sentence.

What change should be made to
the sentence? Irregular Verb Alert!

A. Change spend to spent
B. Change three to thre
C. Change model to models
D. Change building to build

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Do Now

My brother spend three hours
building the model airplane.

Open Ended

My brother spend three hours
building the model airplane.

Type your answer here and submit.

SWBAT develop an
understanding of the
Earth's composition

and different

geological processes

and how these
affect the Earth's
landscape and
environment.

Chapter 1: Earth's
Changing Surface

Chapter 2: Earth's
Layers and Moving

Plates

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What is an informational text?

Read to find out. Annotate.

An Informational text is a text that
…

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includes details
about the central

idea

Informational

Text

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includes details
about the central

idea

includes text and
graphic features

Informational

Text

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includes details
about the central

idea

includes text and
graphic features

is organized in a

text structure

Informational

Text

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includes details
about the central

idea

includes text and
graphic features

is organized in a

text structure

includes content-area
words that relate to

the topic

Informational

Text

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the most significant pieces of

information that support a

response

Relevant Details

the pieces of information that

do not support a response

Irrelevant Details

Remind your neighbor what relevant and irrelevant details are.
Relevant and irrelevant details are …

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the most significant pieces of

information that support a

response

Relevant Details

the pieces of information that

do not support a response

Irrelevant Details

Why are relevant details so
important?

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Are you
relevant?

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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

What are these?

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Continental Drift

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Alfred Wegener
November 1880 – November 1930

My hypothesis

not yours.

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Turn and tell your neighbor
what continental drift is.

Continental drift is when
continents …

Who hypothesized
continental drift?

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PAGE 10

The Missing Puzzle Piece

Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis explained the fit of the

continents. It explained how matching rocks, fossils, and land features ended up in different places. It explained how the climate had changed on some continents, too. Yet other scientists criticized Wegener’s ideas and rejected his hypothesis. Why? It didn’t explain how drifting continents actually moved. He had not identified a natural process powerful enough to slowly move enormous pieces of
land across Earth’s surface. There was a good reason Wegener hadn’t found it, though. It was hidden beneath Earth’s rocky crust.

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What key words are relevant to answer the

question.

Which sentences from
page 10 best describe

why Wegener's
hypothesis was

incomplete?

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Chapter 2:

Earth's Layers

and Moving

Plates

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seismic wave

(noun)

theory
(noun)

basin
(noun)

Content Vocabulary

a surge of energy

traveling out from an
earthquake’s source

through the earth

a large area in the

earth that is lower than

the area around it

an explanation for

why something

happens based on

evidence

Open Ended

In your own words, tell me what a theory is.

A theory is ...

Match

Match the correct vocabulary term to its definition.

• seismic wave

• basin

• theory

a surge of energy traveling out from an

a large area in the earth that is lower

an explanation for why something happens

• a surge of energy traveling out from an

• a large area in the earth that is lower

• an explanation for why something happens

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PAGE 12

Alfred Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis explained many of the

“why” questions. It explained why the edges of some continents fit together
like puzzle pieces. It explained why continents separated by vast oceans have
similar types of rock formations and fossils. What the hypothesis couldn’t
explain was “how.” How could a mass of solid rock as large as Asia or North
America move thousands of miles across Earth’s surface? It would take an
enormously powerful force to do that. Geologists in Wegener’s day didn’t know
of any force on Earth’s surface powerful enough to move continents.

Which sentence from page 12 supports the idea that other scientists did not
fully understand Alfred Wegener’s hypothesis?

Read
pg.13

Which sentence

from the text
explains what

creates the

shaking during
an earthquake?

Analyze the

question

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PAGE 13

As a result , most geologists rejected the idea of continental drift or decades,

Wegener’s hypothesis was harshly criticized. Still, a few geologists thought Wegener was on the
right track. What if the driving force behind continental drift was below Earth’s surface? How
can you discover what lies beneath Earth’s crust? Oddly enough, earthquakes helped scientists
answer these questions.

What Waves Reveal

Have you ever tossed a small rock into a pond? Little waves travel out from

the spot where the rock hits the water’s surface. Although you can’t see them, waves
travel through the water below the surface, too.

An earthquake is a bit like a rock plunking into water. During an earthquake, the

ground shakes. The shaking is caused by waves of energy traveling out from the earthquake’s
source through the earth. Scientists call these seismic waves. Powerful seismic waves can travel
very long distances. They can travel through Earth’s crust and deep into its interior.

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What sentence from page 13
supports this image?

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PAGE 13

As a result , most geologists rejected the idea of continental drift or decades,

Wegener’s hypothesis was harshly criticized. Still, a few geologists thought Wegener was on the
right track. What if the driving force behind continental drift was below Earth’s surface? How
can you discover what lies beneath Earth’s crust? Oddly enough, earthquakes helped scientists
answer these questions.

What Waves Reveal

Have you ever tossed a small rock into a pond? Little waves travel out from

the spot where the rock hits the water’s surface. Although you can’t see them, waves
travel through the water below the surface, too.

An earthquake is a bit like a rock plunking into water. During an earthquake, the

ground shakes. The shaking is caused by waves of energy traveling out from the earthquake’s
source through the earth. Scientists call these seismic waves. Powerful seismic waves can travel
very long distances. They can travel through Earth’s crust and deep into its interior.

34

Which sentence from page 13 explains what creates the

shaking during an earthquake?

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Ⓐ An earthquake is a bit like a rock
plunking into water. During an earthquake,
the ground shakes. Ⓑ The shaking is
caused by waves of energy traveling out
from the earthquake’s source through the
earth. Scientists call these seismic waves.
Ⓒ Powerful seismic waves can travel very
long distances. Ⓓ They can travel through
Earth’s crust and deep into its interior.

Which sentence from page 13 explains what creates the

shaking during an earthquake?

Multiple Choice

Which sentence from page 13 explains what creates the shaking during an earthquake?

• a

• b

• c

• d

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Ⓐ An earthquake is a bit like a rock
plunking into water. During an earthquake,
the ground shakes. Ⓑ The shaking is
caused by waves of energy traveling out
from the earthquake’s source through the
earth. Scientists call these seismic waves.
Ⓒ Powerful seismic waves can travel very
long distances. Ⓓ They can travel through
Earth’s crust and deep into its interior.

Which sentence from page 13 explains what creates the

shaking during an earthquake?

?

irrelevant

irrelevant

relevant

irrelevant

How did scientists
learn to understand

seismic waves?

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Scientists learned to
understand seismic

waves by…

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PAGE 14

Around the time Alfred Wegener was thinking about continental drift, scientists were

studying Earth’s interior using seismic waves. How? Using instruments called seismographs, they
tracked seismic waves traveling through the planet. Seismic waves move in slightly different
ways as they move through different materials. For instance, they travel faster through solids than
liquids. Studying seismic waves helped scientists identify Earth’s four main layers.

Earth’s deepest layer is a solid inner core of very hot metal. This metal may be nearly

as hot as the sun’s surface. The next layer, the outer core, is also made of hot metal, but it’s liquid,
not solid. The mantle surrounds the outer core. The mantle is Earth’s largest and thickest layer
and consists of very hot, very dense rock. The rock is solid in the lower and upper parts of the
mantle. In between, however, is a region where the rock is neither liquid nor solid.

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Which sentence from page 14 tells how scientists
learned about seismic waves?

A.[...] scientists were studying Earth’s interior using seismic

waves.

B. Using instruments called seismographs, they tracked

seismic waves traveling through the planet.

C. Seismic waves move in slightly different ways as they

move through different materials.

D.Studying seismic waves helped scientists identify Earth’s

four main layers.

Multiple Choice

Which sentence from page 14 tells how scientists
learned about seismic waves?

• a

• b

• c

• d

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Which sentence from page 14 tells how scientists
learned about seismic waves?

A.[...] scientists were studying Earth’s interior using seismic

waves.

B. Using instruments called seismographs, they tracked

seismic waves traveling through the planet.

C. Seismic waves move in slightly different ways as they

move through different materials.

D.Studying seismic waves helped scientists identify Earth’s

four main layers.

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Which sentences from
the text explains what

scientists learned
about the age of
seafloor rocks?

Key words.

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PAGE 16

Clues from the Seafloor

During the 1940s and 1950s, new technology enabled scientists to make detailed

maps of the seafloor. The maps revealed long chains of underwater mountains, called mid-ocean
ridges, in all of Earth’s oceans. There was a split, or rift, that ran down the center of these ridges.
The rift was like a seam in a pants leg, where two pieces of fabric come together.

Scientists dredged up rock samples from mid-ocean ridges. All the rocks were basalt. Mid-ocean

ridges seemed to be like long, skinny strings of volcanoes running along the seafloor.

Scientists collected rocks at various distances from the rift along a mid-ocean ridge.

They discovered that rocks from the edge of the rift had formed very recently. Rocks farther
away from the rift were older. The farther scientists got from the rift, on either side, the older
the rocks were.

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What key words here will help you answer
this question?

Which sentences from the text explains what scientists learned
about the age of seafloor rocks?
Select TWO correct answers.

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A.The maps revealed long chains of underwater mountains, called

mid-ocean ridges, in all of Earth’s oceans.

B.The rift was like a seam in a pants leg, where two pieces of fabric

come together.

C. Scientists collected rocks at various distances from the rift along a

mid-ocean ridge

D.They discovered that rocks from the edge of the rift had formed

very recently.

E.The farther scientists got from the rift, on either side, the older the

rocks were.

Which sentences from the text explains what scientists learned
about the age of seafloor rocks?
Select TWO correct answers.

Multiple Select

Which sentences from the text explains what scientists learned
about the age of seafloor rocks?
Select TWO correct answers.

• a

• b

• c

• d

• e

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A.The maps revealed long chains of underwater mountains, called

mid-ocean ridges, in all of Earth’s oceans.

B.The rift was like a seam in a pants leg, where two pieces of fabric

come together.

C. Scientists collected rocks at various distances from the rift along a

mid-ocean ridge

D.They discovered that rocks from the edge of the rift had formed

very recently.

E.The farther scientists got from the rift, on either side, the older the

rocks were.

Which sentences from the text explains what scientists learned
about the age of seafloor rocks?
Select TWO correct answers.

46

What text structure does this
thinking map represent?

• Compare/contrast
• Sequence
• Problem solution
• Description

Multiple Choice

What text structure does the thinking map represent?

• compare contrast

• sequence

• problem solution

• description

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PAGE 17

The scientists concluded that mid-ocean ridges form along huge cracks in Earth’s crust. Magma

beneath the crust erupts through these cracks as lava. The lava cools into basalt, creating new oceanic crust on
either side of the rift.

As new crust is added, older crust gets pushed outward, away from the rift. Inch by inch, year after

year, oceanic crust spreads outward into ocean basins on either side of mid-ocean ridges. Scientists called
this process seafloor spreading. They theorized that as the seafloor slowly spreads, continents bordering the
ocean slowly move apart. Here was one explanation of how continents could drift!

Scientists knew the earth wasn’t getting bigger. If new crust forms along mid-ocean

ridges, then old crust must be destroyed somewhere else. Scientists guessed that deep ocean
trenches are places where crust is sinking down into the mantle.

In the 1960s, scientists formed a new theory about how Earth’s surface changes.

They called the theory plate tectonics.

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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

What sentence from page 17,
paragraph 3 does this image support?

Sentence … supports the image
because …

What happens here?

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PAGE 17

The scientists concluded that mid-ocean ridges form along huge cracks in Earth’s crust. Magma

beneath the crust erupts through these cracks as lava. The lava cools into basalt, creating new oceanic crust on
either side of the rift.

As new crust is added, older crust gets pushed outward, away from the rift. Inch by inch, year after

year, oceanic crust spreads outward into ocean basins on either side of mid-ocean ridges. Scientists called
this process seafloor spreading. They theorized that as the seafloor slowly spreads, continents bordering the
ocean slowly move apart. Here was one explanation of how continents could drift!

Scientists knew the earth wasn’t getting bigger. If new crust forms along mid-ocean

ridges, then old crust must be destroyed somewhere else. Scientists guessed that deep ocean
trenches are places where crust is sinking down into the mantle.

In the 1960s, scientists formed a new theory about how Earth’s surface changes.

They called the theory plate tectonics.

50

New crust pushes older crust outward from the rift

Hot magma erupts through cracks in Earth's crust

Over time, the spreading seafloor moves continents
apart

The lava cools and hardens into basalt rock

From page 17 what is the correct sequence of events that explains

how seafloor spreading causes continents to move?

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New crust pushes older crust outward from the rift

Hot magma erupts through cracks in Earth's crust

Over time, the spreading seafloor moves continents
apart

The lava cools and hardens into basalt rock

What is the correct sequence of events that explains how

seafloor spreading causes continents to move?

3

1

2

4

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New crust pushes older crust outward from the rift

Hot magma erupts through cracks in Earth's crust

Over time, the spreading seafloor moves continents
apart

The lava cools and hardens into basalt rock

What is the correct sequence of events that explains how

seafloor spreading causes continents to move?

3

1

2

4

53

Which sentences from

the text show that
changes to Earth’s

crust happen

gradually?

54

ⒶAs new crust is added, older crust gets pushed
outward, away from the rift. Ⓑ Inch by inch, year after
year, oceanic crust spreads outward into ocean basins on
either side of mid-ocean ridges. Ⓒ Scientists called this
process seafloor spreading. They theorized that as Ⓓ the
seafloor slowly spreads, continents bordering the ocean
slowly move apart. Ⓔ Here was one explanation of how
continents could drift!

Which sentences from the text show that changes to Earth’s
crust happen gradually?
Select TWO correct answers.

Multiple Select

Which sentences from the text show that changes to Earth’s
crust happen gradually?
Select TWO correct answers.

• a

• b

• c

• d

• e

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ⒶAs new crust is added, older crust gets pushed
outward, away from the rift. Ⓑ Inch by inch, year after
year, oceanic crust spreads outward into ocean basins on
either side of mid-ocean ridges. Ⓒ Scientists called this
process seafloor spreading. They theorized that as Ⓓ the
seafloor slowly spreads, continents bordering the ocean
slowly move apart. Ⓔ Here was one explanation of how
continents could drift!

Which sentences from the text show that changes to Earth’s
crust happen gradually?
Select TWO correct answers.

56

Real World Connection

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HOT Question

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DOL: Given an
informational text,
students will correctly
use text evidence to
support an appropriate
response in at least 4
of 5 questions.

RLW_ 3.3

IXL VV4

10 MINUTE TIMER - COUNTDOWN TIMER (MINIMAL)

This 10-minute countdown timer is made for professional use and has some minimal sound effects in the last 5 seconds.

Demonstration of Learning