End of Cold War

Match

Match the following

Refugees

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Ethnic Cleansing

Iron Curtain

Soviet Union

• Refugees

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• Ethnic Cleansing

• Iron Curtain

• Soviet Union

The End of
Cold War

1979 - 1998

From the Soviet Union to

European Union

 LI:
I am learning how historical events have influenced contemporary societies.

SC:

I can describe how certain conflicts have shaped Europe

I can identify examples of cooperation among the nations of Europe (NATO, UN, EU)

I can explain how technology impacted Europe

Reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev

• Elected premier of the U.S.S.R. in 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev

1. Cuts military spending and attempts to limit the Arms Race
   

2. Supports a policy of economic reform called Perestroika

   1. Reorganization of the Soviet economy to allow elements of
      capitalism such as limited private ownership

3. Supports a policy of political reform known as Glasnost

   1. Allows more freedom of speech & the press by limiting
      Government censorship
      Encourages citizens and the press to openly criticize the
      Government

      
      

Multiple Choice

This reform by Mikhail Gorbachev allowed elements of capitalism such as limited private ownership.

• Glasnost

• Perestroika

• Dasvadanya

• Restructuring

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT part of the political reform of Glasnost?

• Allows more freedom of speech & the press by limiting Government censorship

• Encourages citizens and the press to openly criticize the Government

• stops citizens from saying anything negative about the government

Causes of pro-democracy movements in Eastern

Europe

• Failed Economic Policies

– Poverty, Food Shortages, lack of innovation & Corruption in

Communist economies

– Economic recovery, growth, & prosperity in

Capitalist nations of the West

• Loosening of Soviet control

– Soviet Premier & reformer Mikhail Gorbachev opposes using Soviet

resources to keep unpopular communist governments in power

• Allows for the growth of pro-democracy movements throughout Eastern Europe

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a cause of pro-democracy movements in Eastern Europe?

• Poverty, Food Shortages, lack of innovation

• Eastern European countries earning a higher GDP than the west

• Loosening of Soviet control

• Economic recovery, growth, & prosperity  in Capitalist nations of the West

Satellite Nations break free

• The first Satellite nation will break free of Soviet control in 1989

when the Communist government of Poland is pressured into holding
free elections
– Lech Walesa & his pro-democracy party “Solidarity” wins control of Poland’s

government for the first time since WWII

– When Soviet Premier Gorbachev takes no action to reinstall Communist rule,

democratic movements spread throughout Eastern Europe

• In November of the same year mobs of Berliners tear down the Berlin

Wall signifying that the 45 year Cold War is finally coming to a close
– Without the support of the U.S.S.R. Communism will be replaced with

democracy and free market capitalism in every Satellite nation by 1990 – Most
will join N.A.T.O. as well

Multiple Choice

Which was the first satellite Eastern European country to break free from the Soviet Union?

• Poland

• France

• Ukraine

• Italy

Multiple Choice

What happened in 1989 in Germany?

• The Iron Curtain ripped in half.

• The Great Wall of Communism was blown up

• The Berlin Wall began to be torn down.

• Germany built a higher wall around its capital

Multiple Choice

What is this photo showing?

• The Great Wall of China

• Th Iron Curtain

• The Division of Russia

• The Berlin Wall

Breakup of Yugoslavia

• Yugoslavia located in the Balkans regions of S.E. Europe had been

home to many diverse ethnicities & religions
– Croats, Slovenes, Serbs, Albanians, Macedonians, Hungarians, Montenegrins
– Orthodox Christians, Roman Catholics, Muslims, Jews

• Much like Russia in the Soviet Union, it was the majority Serbs who

controlled power in Yugoslavia
– However as Yugoslavia’s oppressive communist govt. collapses, Nationalist

groups begin to break off & declare independence

– Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, and Macedonia successfully declare

independence from Yugoslavia in 1994

• The newly elected Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic is

determined to keep the remainder of Yugoslavia united by any means
necessary
– When the region of Kosovo also try to declare independence, Milosevic

responds with military force to try to keep the region in Yugoslavia

Multiple Choice

TRUE or FALSE: Yugoslavia had been home to many diverse ethnicities & religions.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

When do Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, and Macedonia successfully declare independence from Yugoslavia?

• 1994

• 1984

• 1948

• 2004

Multiple Choice

After being elected what does the Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic do?

• allow his citizens to do as they please

• keep the remainder of Yugoslavia united by any means necessary

• raise taxes on only the ethnic Serbs

• have a dance party

Ethnic Conflict & Nationalism

in the Balkans

Ethnic Cleansing: The Bosnian Genocide

• Milosevic and the Serbian led government of Yugoslavia blame the

Albanian Muslims for instigating the rebellion and begin a policy of
Ethnic Cleansing against the Muslim population in Kosovo
– Muslims living in Kosovo must either leave their homes immediately or face

death at the hands of the Yugoslav army

• Around the same time in the newly formed nation of Bosnia &

Herzegovina violence erupts between the two largest ethnic groups
– Bosnian Christians who were mostly Serbs wish to remove the smaller Muslim

population from Bosnia

– With the support of Yugoslavia the Bosnian Serbs begin a policy of ethnic

cleansing against the Muslim population

• NATO air strikes are able to eventually end genocide, but not

before millions of ethnic & religious groups have either been killed or
turned into refugees

• Eventually Yugoslavia is ripped apart by nationalism & Slobodan

Milosevic is prosecuted as war criminal for his role in these atrocities

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is an example of ethnic cleansing?

• Muslims living in Kosovo must either leave their homes immediately or face death at the hands of the Yugoslav army

• The students in the library were fined for talking too loudly.

• The president taxed all citizens who make more than $500,000 a year

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was NOT an effect of the Bosnian Genocide?

• millions of ethnic & religious groups have either been killed or turned into refugees

• NATO sends in air strikes

• Bosnian Muslims were given back their land

• Slobodan Milosevic is prosecuted as war criminal for his role

Post-Cold War Europe

• The end of the Cold War and lifting of the

Iron Curtain marks a new era of cooperation
and unity across the once divided continent
of Europe
1.

The Re-unification of Germany (1990)

2.

The inclusion of former Warsaw Pact
members into the N.A.T.O. military
alliance

•

Most of Europe is now allied together for
greater collective security

•

Russia continues to oppose the existence of
NATO as a threat to national security

Multiple Choice

When was Germany re-unified?

• 1989

• 1990

• 2000

• 1999

Multiple Choice

TRUE or FALSE: NATO refuses to accept former communist Eastern European countries into the organization.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Creation of the European Union

•

The rising economic power of China along with the merging of North
American economies into N.A.F.T.A. encourages the formation of the
European Union (E.U.)
–

Following the collapse of European Communism most European nations unify
their economies together by removing all trade barriers and adopting a
common currency
•

This new currency comes to be known as the Euro

•

Most of Europe is now a part of one large free trade zone

• Benefits of the European Union

– Within the European Union there is a true free market

»Trade barriers such as tariffs are illegal

•All countries use the same currency

»Greater variety and quantity of resources are available to E.U. members 🡪
Regional Cooperation

»Once united into one market, the European Union is one of the 3 largest global
economies

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of being in the European Union?

• Trade barriers such as tariffs are illegal

• There is no common currency

• Greater variety and quantity of resources are available

• European Union is one of the 3 largest global economies

Multiple Choice

In this cartoon, which region is represented by the nations that are seeking membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?

• Asia

• North America

• Eastern Europe

• South Africa

Exit Ticket:

​In two sentences, summarize what happened to Eastern Europe after the Cold War ended.