Energy Types and Transformations

Multiple Choice

Can you create energy?

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Can this alien destroy energy with his awesome laser?

• Nice Alien, and yes, he can.

• Maybe, if his laser is awesome enough!

• No, it's like, impossible, and stuff.

• With a lot of ice, he could destroy heat.

Multiple Choice

Can you destroy energy?

• Yes

• No

Open Ended

If you can't create it, and you can't destroy it, then what CAN you do with energy?

Kinetic Energy

Definition: Energy in motion

Formula:

Potential Energy

Definition: Stored Energy (Energy Due to Position)

Formula:

Gravitational Potential Energy

Definition: Stored Energy due to Gravity

Formula:

Draw

How doesn energy change from a ball at rest to a ball that is thrown?

Open Ended

Example Problem - You lift a 7.30 kg bowling ball from a storage rack and hold it up to your shoulder. The storage rack is 0.61 m above the floor and your shoulder is 1.12 m above the floor.

a. When the bowling ball is at your shoulder, what is the ball-Earth system's gravitational potential energy relative to the floor

Multiple Choice

Which ball has the most potential energy?

• A ball held at 3 meters.

• A ball held at 1 meter.

• A ball held at 2 meters.

• A ball resting on the ground.

Multiple Choice

Which describes the graphed relationship between kinetic energy and an object's mass?

• Exponential

• Linear

• Indirect

• Parabola

Multiple Choice

A roller coaster cart would have the greatest kinetic energy__________________.

• at the top of the highest hill

• as it makes a banked turn

• at the bottom of the highest hill

• as it completes a loop

Multiple Choice

When a roller coaster is at the bottom of a hill it has

• high potential energy

• high kinetic energy

• low kinetic energy

• equal amounts of kinetic and potential energy

Multiple Choice

Mass and height are ______proportional to potential energy.

• directly

• exponentially

• indirectly

• not

Multiple Choice

I am holding a balloon that is full of air, the balloon has

• kinetic energy

• potential energy

Multiple Choice

I released a balloon that was full of air and it is flying around the room, the balloon has

• kinetic energy

• potential energy

Multiple Choice

Energy due to motion is ____________ energy. 

• Potential 
• Energy
• Kinetic
• Friction

Multiple Choice

The faster an object moves, the ________ kinetic energy it has. 

• more
• less
• none of the above
• all of the above 

Multiple Choice

True/False: Because energy cannot be created or destroyed, when an object’s kinetic energy increases, its potential energy must decrease!

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy

• mv

• 1/2 mv^2

• mgh

• Ft

Multiple Choice

If the marble had a mass of 0.3kg and the hill was 2.3 m tall, how much potential energy did it have at the top of the ramp?

• 2.3 J

• .23 J

• 6.9 J

• 5.2 J

Multiple Choice

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

• mv

• $$\frac{1}{2\ }mv^2$$  

• mgh

• Ft

Multiple Choice

If the 1.2 kg basketball rolls at 3 m/s, what is it's kinetic energy?

• 2.7 J

• 5.4 J

• 3.6 J

• 9 J

Multiple Choice

An 86 kg boulder rests at the top of a 90 m cliff and falls to the bottom, how much energy leaves the system as heat and sound? in other words how much Potental energy did it have before it fell?

• 75,852 J

• It is impossible to determine

• 7486 J

• 95,000 J

Multiple Choice

A boy carries a 0.050kg box up a flight of stairs 10-m high. How much potential energy has the box gained?

• 0.0049J

• 49J

• 4900J

• 4.9J

Open Ended

Example Problem - You lift a 7.30 kg bowling ball from a storage rack and hold it up to your shoulder. The storage rack is 0.61 m above the floor and your shoulder is 1.12 m above the floor.

b. When the bowling ball is at your shoulder, what is the ball-Earth system's gravitational potential energy relative to the rack?

Multiple Choice

On the Giant Drop at Six Flags, the mass of one of the carts plus the passengers is 1200 kg. The height of the tower is 115 m tall, how fast are the passengers going right before they stop?

• 155 m/s

• 1200 m/s

• 1380000 m/s

Multiple Choice

A exercise ball is on a table 2.5 m above the ground. What is the mass of the ball if it has a GPE of 56.8 J?

• 71 kg

• 22.72 kg

• 142 kg

• 2.32 kg

Multiple Choice

In building a sculpture, the sculptor burns 2420j of kinetic energy at 5m/s.

What is his mass (in kilograms)?

• 968kg

• 12,100kg

• 193.6kg

• 96.8kg

Multiple Choice

What is the mass of a box that has a mass of _____-kg sitting at the top of a 2.0 m high hill with a potential energy of 196j?

• .0999 kg

• 9.996kg

• 10kg

• 10,000kg

Multiple Choice

A .036 kg glass is on a window ledge that is ___m high; the potential energy is 8.82j.

What is the height of the glass?

• 25m

• 3111m

• 0.025m

• 2.401m

Multiple Choice

The force of gravity is represented as which figure?

• $$9.8\ \frac{m}{s^2}$$  

• 8.9 $$\frac{m}{s^2}$$  

• 343 $$\frac{m}{s^2}$$  

• 19.8 $$\frac{m}{s^2}$$  

Multiple Choice

What is the gravitational potential energy (GPE) of a 1 kilogram book that is 1 meter above the ground?

g = 9.8 m/s²

• 9.8 Joules

• 1.0 Joule

• 0.10 Joule

• 11.8 m/s²

Open Ended

Example Problem - You lift a 7.30 kg bowling ball from a storage rack and hold it up to your shoulder. The storage rack is 0.61 m above the floor and your shoulder is 1.12 m above the floor.

c. How much work was done by gravity as you lifted the ball from the rack to shoulder level?

Match

Match the types of Energy.

• Gravitational Energy

• Elastic Energy

• Chemical Energy

• Nuclear Energy

Stored in an object above ground.

Stored in an object that can be stretched or compressed.

Stored within bonds of atoms.

Stored within the nucleus of atoms.

• Stored in an object above ground.

• Stored in an object that can be stretched or compressed.

• Stored within bonds of atoms.

• Stored within the nucleus of atoms.

Match

Match the types of Energy.

• Thermal Energy

• Sound Energy

• Radiant Energy

• Electrical Energy

Motion of particles

Motion of vibrating waves

Motion of electromagnetic waves

Motion of electrons through a wire

• Motion of particles

• Motion of vibrating waves

• Motion of electromagnetic waves

• Motion of electrons through a wire

Multiple Choice

What form of energy cooks food in a solar cooker?

• Chemical
• Electrical 
• Light
• Mechanical 

Multiple Choice

Which form of energy comes form eating a slice of pie?

• Chemical

• Mechanical

• Radiant

• Electrical

Multiple Choice

What is the energy transformation of a violin?

• Mechanical to thermal

• Mechanical to Sound

• Sound to Mechanical

• Thermal to Sound

Multiple Choice

What is the energy Transformation of a remote-controlled car?

• Chemical to electrical to mechanical

• electrical to chemical to mechanical

• mechanical to electrical to chemical

• Chemical to Mechanical to electrical

Multiple Choice

1. The sun provides ____________ and ____________ energy that can be harnessed and used for solar power.

• a. chemical, sound

• b. sound, light

• c. mechanical, light

• light, thermal

Multiple Choice

4. This energy results in the splitting of atoms.

• a. nuclear

• b. mechanical

• c. chemical

• d. sound

Multiple Choice

5. When a football player kicks a ball, he transfers energy to the ball. What happens as a result?

• a. the ball gains kinetic energy

• b. the ball loses thermal energy

• c. the ball loses sound energy

• d. the ball gains light energy

Multiple Choice

6. Which of the following shows the best example of the energy conversion in a battery-powered flashlight?

• a. chemical to electrical to radiant

• b. mechanical to radiant to electrical

• c. electrical to mechanical to chemical

• d. radiant to electrical to chemical

Multiple Choice

7. A wind turbine makes use of which type of energy to generate electricity?

• a. chemical

• b. electrical

• c. mechanical

• d. thermal

Multiple Choice

8. Before burning, logs in a fireplace were a source of________.

• a. elastic potential

• b. electrical potential

• c. chemical potential

• d. gravitational potential

Multiple Choice

9. Which best describes what happens when a ball is thrown off mountain top?

• a. The kinetic energy increases and so does the total amount of energy.

• b. The potential energy decreases and the total amount of energy also decreases.

• c. The kinetic energy decreases and the total amount of energy increases.

• d. Both the kinetic and potential energy change, but the total energy remains constant.

Multiple Choice

The blades of a toy helicopter spin when its circuit is connected to a battery. Which sequence below correctly identifies the energy changes taking place in the helicopter?

• chemical to electrical to potential

• chemical to electrical to mechanical

Multiple Choice

1. A student investigated the energy transformations that occur when a call is placed from cell phone A and received by cell phone B. The student drew a diagram to show the process. Based on the diagram, what evidence is there for the transformation of chemical energy into electrical energy, and which other energy transformations must occur for the call to be received by cell phone B?

• Evidence:

  Cell phones are powered by a battery that produces the electricity used to send or receive a call.

  Transformation 1: Sound energy is transformed into

  electrical energy by cell phone A.

  Transformation 2: Electrical energy is transformed into mechanical energy in the cell towers and base station

• Evidence:

  Cell phones are powered by a battery that produces the electricity used to send or receive a call.

  Transformation 1: Sound energy is transformed into

  electromagnetic waves by cell phone A.

  Transformation 2: Electromagnetic waves are transformed back into sound energy by cell phone B.

• Evidence:

  Base stations are powered by a battery that produces the electricity used to receive and forward a call.

  Transformation 1: Sound energy is transformed into electrical energy by cell phone A.

  Transformation 2: Electrical energy is transformed into mechanical energy in the cell towers and base station

• Evidence:

  Base stations are powered by a battery that produces the electricity used to receive and forward a call.

  Transformation 1: Sound energy is transformed into electromagnetic waves by cell phone A.

  Transformation 2: Electromagnetic waves are transformed back into sound energy by cell phone B

Multiple Choice

Choose the statement below that best describes the transfer of energy from the Sun to the Earth.

• The sun is the ultimate source of energy because it uses nuclear fusion to create heat. The thermal energy it creates radiates through the vacuum of space and heats the Earth.

• The Sun is an extremely large source of thermal energy. Because of its size, the Sun can conduct its heat through space, heating the Earth.

Multiple Choice

If you have a battery in a device, what is the first energy transformation that must happen?

• Chemical to light

• Chemical to electrical

• Electrical to chemical

• Electrical to light

Multiple Choice

What is the energy transformation?

• Kinetic to Mechanical to Electrical

• Kinetic to Mechanical to Kinetic

• Electromagnetic to Mechanical to Electrical

• Kinetic to Sound to Electrical

Multiple Choice

What is the energy transformation?

• Kinetic to Mechanical and Electrical

• Chemical to Thermal and Electromagnetic (light)

• Electromagnetic to Chemical and Electrical

• Kinetic to Sound and Chemical

Multiple Choice

What is the energy transformation?

• Kinetic to Mechanical to Electrical

• Mechanical to Electrical to Kinesthetic

• Electromagnetic to Chemical to Electrical

• Kinetic to Sound to Chemical

Multiple Choice

What is the energy transformation?

• Electrical to Electromagnetic

• Mechanical to Electrical

• Electrical to Thermal

• Kinetic to Sound

Multiple Choice

What is the energy transformation?

• Electromagnetic to Electrical

• Mechanical to Electrical

• Electrical to Thermal

• Kinetic to Sound

Multiple Choice

What is the energy transformation?

• Nuclear to Electrical

• Mechanical to Electrical

• Electrical to Thermal

• Kinetic to Sound

Multiple Choice

What is the energy transformation?

• Chemical to Electrical to Light

• Mechanical to Electrical to Light

• Electrical to Thermal to Mechanical

• Kinetic to Sound to Potential

Multiple Choice

What is energy?

• The ability to do work

• A force

• Electricity

• The ability to transform work

Multiple Choice

A student listens to music with a digital music player, similar to the one shown below. Which best describes the energy transformations that take place in the music player?

• Mechanical to chemical to electrical

• Chemical to sound to electrical

• Chemical to electrical to sound

• Electrical to heat to sound

Multiple Choice

What kind of energy is represented in the picture?

• Thermal

• Chemical

• Sound

• Nuclear

Multiple Choice

Which of the following energy transformations occur when a lamp that is plugged into a wall socket is functioning correctly?

• Chemical to light

• Electrical to chemical

• Electrical to light

• Chemical to electrical

Multiple Choice

What energy transformations take place when a battery-operated radio is in use?

• Electrical to chemical to light

• Sound to chemical to mechanical

• Chemical to electrical to sound

• Light to electrical to thermal

Multiple Choice

Which of the following devices transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy?

• An e-reader

• a fan

• a manual pencil sharpener

• ipod

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the energy transformations that occur when a flashlight that runs on batteries is turned on?

• chemical to mechanical to electrical to radiant

• radiant to electrical to sound

• chemical to radiant to mechanical to electrical

• electric to radiant to chemical

Multiple Choice

The picture shows a microwave oven. As a microwave oven is operated, electrical energy is transformed into all of the following types of energy EXCEPT —

• solar

• light

• thermal

• mechanical

Multiple Choice

Turning on a lamp is an example of energy transformation from electrical to 3 forms of energy. Which of these is NOT created by the lamp?

• radiant
• light
• heat
• chemical

Multiple Choice

Which of the following energy transfers occurs when food is digested?

• chemical to mechanical
• radiant to nuclear
• mechanical to potential
• thermal to chemical

Multiple Choice

In energy transformations, "wasted energy" usually takes what form?

• heat

• chemical energy

• light

• sound waves

Multiple Choice

According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, energy cannot be _________ or ____________. 

• destroyed, destroyed

• created, saved

• created, destroyed

• lost, found

Multiple Choice

Gravitational potential energy depends on the ________ and ________ of the object. 

• Height and mass

• Friction and movement

• Mass and Movement

• Height and Friction 

Multiple Choice

Energy of motion is which type of energy?

• Potential

• Kinetic

• Sound

• Gravitational

Multiple Choice

A swing has potential energy if _____________.

• it is in motion

• it is swinging backward

• it is sitting still

• it is spinning

Multiple Choice

What energy transformation occurs as howler monkeys loudly call to each other in the forest?

• Chemical --> Mechanical --> Sound

• Chemical --> Sound --> Thermal

• Sound --> Chemical --> Radiant

• Mechanical --> Chemical --> Sound

Multiple Choice

Some students observing a classroom device being used, noticed the below energy transformations. 
Electrical → Mechanical → Sound
Which device were the students most likely observing?

• A triple beam balance measuring an object’s mass.

• A pencil sharpener plugged into a wall outlet.

• A projector displaying a diagram on the screen.

• A working flashlight used to light up a dark corner.

Multiple Choice

Which of these is an example of light energy being transformed into chemical energy?

• A glow stick lights up when broken.

• Water heated by the sun evaporates.

• A plant makes sugar in the sunlight.

• A battery causes a buzzer to vibrate.

Multiple Choice

Which kind of energy change occurs when a candle is burning?

• Chemical to light.

• Light to electrical.

• Solar to heat.

• Chemical to electrical.

Multiple Choice

When water falls through a dam and turns a turbine connected to a generator, electricity is produced. This electricity is often used to light our homes and offices. Which of the following shows the energy transformations that occurs?

• electrical → light → mechanical
• chemical → mechanical → electrical
• mechanical → chemical → light
• mechanical → electrical → light

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the energy transformations that occur when a flashlight that runs on batteries is turned on?

• chemical → light → electrical
• electrical → light → chemical
• light → electrical → chemical
• chemical → electrical → light

Multiple Choice

The Theory of the Conservation of Energy states -

• Energy can be created, just not destroyed. It changes its form from one type to another.
• Energy can never be created nor destroyed. It can only change its form from one type to another.
• The total energy in our Universe changes, as different forms of energies can be transformed from each other under certain circumstances.
• Energy transformations do not passively occur in our lives, rather we actively make use of energies and transform energies.

Multiple Choice

Roller coaster goes down a hill

• kinetic to potential energy

• sound to radiant energy

• mechanical to kinetic energy

• potential to kinetic energy 

Multiple Choice

Roller coaster going up a hill

• chemical to mechanical energy
• thermal to potential energy
• kinetic to potential energy
• potential to kinetic energy 

Multiple Choice

The rock on high on the cliff has lots of this kind of energy

• kinetic energy

• sound energy

• potential energy

• nuclear energy

Multiple Choice

kinetic energy is turned into ________ energy when a ball is tossed up 

• potential

• kinetic

• nuclear

• sound

Multiple Choice

Energy transformation is 

• when you create energy

• when energy changes from one kind of energy to another 

• the energy of motion 

• energy of position or shape 

Multiple Choice

How much gravitational potential energy does a 100kg (220lb.) skydiver have if they jump from 4000 meters?

• 3920000 J

• 294 J

• 180000 J

• 1225 J

Multiple Choice

A 6kg cat misjudges a jump and falls 5 meters. How much gravitational potential energy does the cat have? (The cat is fine by the way.)

• 294 J

• 180000 J

• 1225 J

• 3920000 J

Multiple Choice

What is the kinetic energy of a 1,600kg Mustang travelling at 15 m/s (33mph)

• 180000 J

• 294 J

• 1225 J

• 3920000 J

Multiple Choice

What is the unit for force?

• kilogram (kg)

• meter (m)

• Newton (N)

• Joule (J)

Multiple Choice

What is the unit for energy?

• kilogram (kg)

• meter (m)

• Newton (N)

• Joule (J)

Multiple Choice

What is the formula for force?

• distance / time

• mass x acceleration

• velocity / time

• ½(mass) x (velocity)²

• (mass) x (acceleration of gravity) x (height)

Multiple Choice

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

• distance / time

• mass x acceleration

• velocity / time

• ½(mass) x (velocity)²

• (mass) x (acceleration of gravity) x (height)

Multiple Choice

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

• distance / time

• mass x acceleration

• velocity / time

• ½(mass) x (velocity)²

• (mass) x (acceleration of gravity) x (height)

Multiple Choice

A 2kg television falls from 1 meter. How much energy does it have?

• 19.6 J

• 196 J

• 2 J

• 9.8J

Multiple Choice

A bicycle rider is traveling up a hill. When the rider reaches the top of the hill, she stops to rest. Then she travels down the hill. Which statement correctly describes the potential energy and the kinetic energy of the bicycle rider?

• As the rider moves up the hill, her kinetic energy increases, and her potential energy decreases.

• As the rider reaches the bottom of the hill, her kinetic energy and her potential energy decrease.

• When the rider is at the top of the hill, her potential energy is the greatest, and her kinetic energy is the least.

• When the rider goes down the hill, her potential energy increases, and her kinetic energy decreases.

Multiple Choice

Which variables affect kinetic energy?

• pressure and volume

• velocity and mass

• weight and height

• temperature and weight

Multiple Choice

If a green golf ball is dropped from a height of 7 feet and a yellow golf ball is dropped from a height of 12 feet, which ball has greater potential energy before it is released?

• yellow

• green

• Both have the same amount of potential energy.

• Neither will have more potential energy than the other.

Multiple Choice

When a roller coaster reaches the bottom of a steep slope, it has-

• low PE and high KE

• high PE and low KE

• low PE and low KE

• high PE and high KE

Multiple Choice

What is energy?

• what I have after a Monster drink

• what 6th graders have in abundance

• the ability to do work

• none of the above

Multiple Choice

__________ is stored energy. 

• Potential

• Kinetic

• None of the above 

• All of the above 

Multiple Choice

When you stretch a rubber band, you are storing __________ energy. 

• kinetic 
• potential
• none of the above
• all of the above 

Multiple Choice

A cheetah can run briefly with a speed of 31.0 m/s. Suppose a cheetah with a mass of 47.0 kg runs at this speed. What is the cheetah’s kinetic energy?

• 15,500 Joules
• 22,583 Joules
• 15 Joules
• 45,543 Joules

Multiple Choice

The largest land predator is the male polar bear, which has a mass of around 500.00 kg. If the top
speed of a male polar bear is 11.0 m/s, how much KE does it have?

• 15,400 Joules

• 129,987 Joules

• 30,250 Joules

Multiple Choice

A roller coaster has a mass of 250 kg, and is 50 meters above the ground, what is the potential energy?

• 122,625 Joules
• 5,600 Joules
• 234,799 Joules

Open Ended

Explain why the law of conservation of energy must also include changes in mass.

Open Ended

On a cold day you rub your hands together to make them warm. Diagram the energy transformations that occur, starting with the chemical potential energy stored in your muscles.