Grammar

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Grammar: The presenT PeRFECT

By Abdou Niane

Contextual Presentation​

​PrEsentation

The following sentence is taken from the text: Civil War in Côte D’Ivoire we have already studied in a reading comprehension

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“The anger has led to virulent anti-French demonstrations…”

(Paragraph three, lines 22, 23)

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“The anger has led to virulent anti-French demonstrations…”

(Paragraph three, lines 22, 23)

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  Work in your group to consider the sentence above, and then underline its subject, verb, and object.

Contextual Presentation​

​Activity 1

​Expected Answer

   The anger       has led       to virulent anti-French demonstrations

    Subject          Verb                              Object​

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Contextual Presentation​

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Look at the framed verb. What tense do we have in the sentence?

Contextual Presentation​

​ACTIVITY 2

​Expected Answer

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The verb in the sentence is in the Present perfect Tense

Contextual Presentation​

​ACTIVITY 3

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Work in your group to consider the same example above and identify in the text other sentences that are in the present perfect tense.

Contextual Presentation​

​EXPECTED ANSWERS

1. The war has killed an unknown number of people, most of them non-combatants.

2. IT has displaced millions, and it has disrupted the economy of one of Africa.

3. It has also drawn mercenaries from other countries into the fighting.

4. France has beefed up its military force in the country to police the ceasefire.

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Contextual Presentation​

RAISING AWARENESS

FORM: We form the present perfect with the auxiliary have followed by the past participle of the verb which ends up with ed, except for irregular verbs (see the list of the irregular verbs).                 

  Subject  + Have (present simple)   +  Past Participle of the verb + Object​

  The abbreviated form is often used in spoken language.

  Example: I have done the exercise.

  I’ve done the exercise.

 

RAISING AWARENESS

USE: Work in your group to put the verb in brackets in the right tense and choose sentences that should be in the present perfect and spell out the principle you have applied.

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1-   I (to meet) him ten minutes ago 2- We (to do) our homework

    3- You  (to play) football every Sunday 4- I (to go) to London next month

    5-They (to be) in the city for a week    6-The war (to break up) in 2002

 

RAISING AWARENESS

USE: 1st Sentence: We have done our homework

Applied Principle:

  We use the present perfect to describe actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past:

  With no time reference at all

  Have you passed your driving test?

  With references to recent time like just, recently, still, yet

  I have just eaten​

 

RAISING AWARENESS

USE: 2nd Sentence: They have been in the city for a week.

 Applied Principle:

 We use the present perfect to describe actions beginning in the past and continuing up to the present moment:

     -   With time references like before, ever, never, up till now, so far

   I have received 20 cards so far.

  I have never tasted a mango before.

     -   With since and for

  She has lived in Dakar since 2000.

  She has lived in Dakar for 7 years.

Multiple Choice

A: Is it raining at the present moment?

• No, it stopped.

• No, it has just stopped.

• No, it stops.

• No, it will stopped.

Multiple Choice

Where is my dictionary?

• I don’t know, it has disappeared.

• I don’t know, it disappears.

• I don’t know, it would disappears.

• I don’t know, it had disappeared.

Fill in the Blanks

Today, I ---------------------(work) since 8 in the morning

Open Ended

I have been working for 4 hours. What is the applied rule here?

Poll

Look, the Headmaster has bought a beautiful car

• Past simple

• Present simple

• Present perfect

• Past perfect