Lesson on Macromolecules

MACROmolecules

Macrolesson!

Micro - very small

Macro - very large

​The student will be able to identify the structure (shape) and function (job) of the four main molecules used by all living things.

Match

Match the following macromolecules (large molecule) to their single unit monomers (monomers are building blocks of larger molecules):

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Monosaccharides

Fatty acids

Amino acids

Nucleotides

• Monosaccharides

• Fatty acids

• Amino acids

• Nucleotides

Multiple Choice

What macromolecule stores hereditary information?

Wheel spin question: What is another word (synonym) for hereditary?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Drag and Drop

One of the functions of carbohydrates is to provide ​

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term energy. On the other hand, lipids provide ​

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term energy.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

short

long

MOLECULES are when two or more atoms are bonded together.

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ATOMS​ are the smallest unit of matter.

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Matter is what makes up all things, living and non-living.

​

Match

Match the following

• molecule

• atom

• matter

Two or more atoms bonded together

Too small to see, these are the basic units of all matter.

the "stuff" that we see and can touch. The material that makes up everything in the universe

• Two or more atoms bonded together

• Too small to see, these are the basic units of all matter.

• the "stuff" that we see and can touch. The material that makes up everything in the universe

​The FOUR Macromolecules

• ​Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Protein

• Nucleic Acids​

What do we already know?

• ​Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Protein

• Nucleic Acids​

​Mono - means ONE

It is a single structure that makes up the larger structures of the four macromolecules. Each macromolecule has its own monomers.​

For example, the monomers of carbohydrates are called monosaccharides.

​​Monomer

​Poly - means MULTIPLE or MANY

A polymer is when two or more monomers bond together to make a larger, more complex macromolecule​.

​​Polymer

​Polymers are just many monomers connected together

Multiple Choice

How many monomers are joined together to make a disaccharide?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

How many monomers are in a monosaccharide?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

​Function of Carbohydrates

​Energy and Structure

The primary functions of carbohydrates is energy storage. Carbohydrates are types of sugars. Outside of energy storage, they can provide structure like the carbohydrate cellulose, which is the indigestible part of plants.

--->words that end in -ose are often sugars​

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Multiple Choice

Which of these is likely a sugar based on the last letters of the word?

• Cortisol

• Lactose

• Adenosine Triphosphate

• Lactase

Open Ended

What are the two functions (jobs) of carbohydrates?

​Fats are made of two parts: a water-loving head, and a water-hating tail.

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​Structure of Lipids (Fats):

​

​Function of Lipids

​Store Energy

Like carbohydrates, lipids also have energy. The energy in lipids is not as easy to access, and can also be used as long term storage. It is also used to protect and pad organs, insulate organisms by trapping heat in the body, and helps break down certain vitamins. ​

Liquid at room temperature, Oils.​

​Unsaturated

Solid at room temperature,such as butter, animal fats.​

​

​Saturated

​Types of Fats

Multiple Choice

Which of these is NOT a function of fats?

• Protect organs

• Provide insulation

• Store energy

• Store genetic material

​Function of Nucleic Acids

​Genetic Material and Batteries

DNA and RNA are two molecules that are the building blocks of genetic materials.

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ATP is the molecule created by mitochondria to store and move energy throughout your body.​

Multiple Choice

Nucleic Acids do which of the following?

• Store genetic material and energy

• Insulate organs and store energy

• Provide structure and store genetic material

• Assist with chemical reactions and store genetic material

​Monomer:

Nucleotide (phosphate, sugar, base pairs ATCG)

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Polymer: ​

DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid

RNA​ - Ribonucleic Acid

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​Structure of Nucleic Acid

DNA/RNA/ATP​

Monomer: Amino Acid

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Polymer: Polypeptide​

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As these chains of amino acids form, the chain folds and creates shapes.​

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​Protein Structure:

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​Function of Proteins

​Jobs proteins perform

Proteins are long chains of amino acids that fold into shapes that do jobs. These jobs can be:

-transporting materials (example: nutrients into cell)

-creating structures like muscles and bones

- performing chemical reactions.

The proteins that assist in performing chemical reactions are called ENZYMES.​

Match

Match the following

• Carbohydrate

• Nucleic Acid

• Lipid

• Protein

Sucrose, Glucose, Lactose

DNA or RNA

Cholesterol and Fatty acids

Chain of amino acids

• Sucrose, Glucose, Lactose

• DNA or RNA

• Cholesterol and Fatty acids

• Chain of amino acids

Match

Match the following

• Carbohydrate Monomer

• Protein Monomer

• Nucleic Acid Monomer

• Lipid Monomer

monosaccharide

amino acid

nucleotide

glycerol & fatty acid

• monosaccharide

• amino acid

• nucleotide

• glycerol & fatty acid

Multiple Choice

Monosaccharides consist of..

• One simple sugar

• Lots of sugars linked together

Multiple Choice

Starch is a polysaccharide which means it...

• is a single molecule of glucose

• is formed from a long chain of many glucose molecules

Multiple Choice

How are proteins made?

• Individual amino acids join together into polypeptide chains, and form proteins.

• Dipeptides build into large blocks, and then combine into protein chains.

Multiple Choice

Nucleotides are...

• Carbohydrate building blocks

• Complex sugar building blocks

• DNA and RNA building blocks

Multiple Select

What are the main macromolecules that you get energy from in your food? (select 3)

• Calories

• Carbohydrates

• Cholesterol

• Lipids

• Proteins

Open Ended

What is something you ate today that contained carbohydrates?

Open Ended

What is something you ate today or yesterday that contained lipids?

Poll

Which of the following foods would be the best source of healthy lipids? (choose 1)

• potato chips

• bacon

• avacado

• butter

• steak

Open Ended

What is something you ate today or yesterday that contained protein?

Multiple Choice

If you are playing a basketball game, what would be the best thing to eat to give you energy for the second half at halftime?

• Apple Slices

• Chocolate Milk

• French Fries

• Hardboiled Egg

Multiple Choice

If you're trying to build your muscles, what should you eat after your workout?

• protein

• fats

• carbohydrates

• candy

Multiple Choice

If you're trying to put on some extra weight because you have a fast metabolism, what should you eat? (choose 3)

• carbohydrates

• healthy fats

• saturated fats

• protein

Multiple Choice

If you're going on a long journey or are going to run a marathon (26.2 miles), what should you eat the night before?

• salty potato chips

• complex carbohydrates

• unsaturated fats

• ice cream and candy

Open Ended

If nucleic acids are not used for energy in your body, what ARE they used for?

Multiple Select

Select the 2 items below that are elements:

• Carbon

• Oxygen

• Carbohydrates

• Glucose

Multiple Choice

Select the monomer that builds protein

• nucleic acids

• fatty acids

• nucleotides

• amino acids

Multiple Choice

Select the monomer that builds lipids

• nucleic acids

• fatty acids

• nucleotides

• amino acids

Multiple Choice

Which answer contains all the elements found in protein?

Key:

C = carbon

H = hydrogen

O = oxygen

N = nitrogen

P = phosphorus

• C,H,O,P

• C,H,O,N,S

• C,H,O,N,P

• C,H,O

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

• Amino Acid

• Monosacharrides

• Fatty Acids

• DNA/RNA

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer of lipids?

• Amino Acids

• Monosaccharides

• Fatty Acids

• DNA/RNA

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer of proteins?

• Amino Acids

• Monosaccharides

• Fatty Acids

• DNA/RNA

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

• Amino Acids

• Monosaccharides

• Fatty Acids

• Nucleotides

Multiple Choice

What is the function of a carbohydrate?

• Control rates of reactions, form muscle and bones

• Provide long term energy, protection, waterproofing, and insulation.

• Main source of fast energy

• Store and transmit genetic information.

Multiple Choice

What iare the function of lipids?

• Control rates of reactions and forms muscle and bones.

• Main source of energy.

• Energy storage, protection, waterproofing and insulation.

• Store and transmit genetic information.

Multiple Choice

What is the function of proteins?

• Main source of energy.

• Energy storage, protection, waterproofing and insulation

• Store and transmit genetic information.

• Control rates of reactions and form muscles and bones.

Multiple Choice

What is the function of nucleic acids?

• Main source of energy.

• Energy storage, protection, water proofing, and insulation.

• Control rates of reactions and form muscles and bones.

• Store and transmit genetic information.

Multiple Choice

What structure below is an example of a lipid?

Multiple Choice

What structure below is an example of a carbohydrate?

Multiple Choice

What structure below is an example of a protein?

Multiple Choice

What structure below is an example of a nucleic acid?

Multiple Choice

What are examples of molecules that are considered carbohydrates?

• triglycerides, waxes, fat, and oils

• form polypeptides such as antibodies, enzymes, and hormones

• glucose, fructose, cellulose, and lactose

• DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

What are examples of molecules that are considered lipids?

• triglycerides, waxes, fats, and oils

• form polypeptides such as antibodies, enzymes, and hormones

• glucose, fructose, cellulose, and lactose

• DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

What are examples of nucleic acids?

• triglycerides, waxes, fats, and oils

• form polypeptides such as antibodies, enzymes, and hormones.

• glucose, fructose, cellulose, and lactose

• DNA and RNA

Draw

What else do you want to know about MACROmolecules?