Lungs

The lungs

Multiple Choice

Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood?

• left

• right

Multiple Choice

Name the part

• Pulmonary vein

• Right atrium

• Aorta

• Pulmonary Artery

Open Ended

Name the three types of blood vessels

Open Ended

What are the names of the 4 blood vessels connected to the heart?

Open Ended

Explain why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right.

Multiple Choice

What is the structure that protects the lungs?

• Rib cage

• Skull

• Pelvis

• Vertebrae

How does gas exchange occur in humans?

Lesson objectives:

1)Describe the structure of the human gas exchange system

2)Explain how gases are exchanged in the alveoli of the lungs

3)Link the adaptation of the alveoli to efficient gas exchange

Multiple Choice

What is Respiration?

• How energy is released from glucose in cells

• The function of sweating

• the function of breathing

Keywords - in your books

Inspiration - The process of air entering lungs

Expiration - The process of air leaving the lungs

Diaphragm - The large muscle at the base of the lungs

Draw and label the diagram

Nasal & Oral cavity

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchus

Bronchioles

Alveoli

Diaphragm

Lungs

Located either side of the breastbone in the thoracic cavity, It is separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm

The pleural cavity is a fluid filled space that surrounds the lungs, separating them from surrounding structures to protect and reduce friction during breathing.

Open Ended

What allows mammals to breathe?

(think about the action of breathing, what is going on)

Ventilation (breathing)

Mammals are able to breathe air in and out of our lungs due to differences and changes in pressure

When air is forced into the lungs: Inspiration

When air is forced out of lungs:

Expiration

Inspiration (make notes)

• Intercostal muscles CONTRAC

• Ribs are pulled UP and OUT

• Diaphragm CONTRACTS and FLATTENS

  this increases volume and decreases pressure in the lungs

• Atmospheric pressure is now greater - air moves from high pressure outside to low pressure inside lungs

• This is an active process (requires energy)

Expiration (make notes)

• Intercostal muscles RELAX

• Ribs move BACK and DOWN

• Diaphragm RELAXES and DOMES

  this reduces volume and increases pressure in the lungs

• Atmospheric pressure is now lesser - air moves from low pressure outside to high pressure inside lungs

• This is an active process (requires energy)

Inspiration: Intercostal muscles contract, raising the rib cage.

Expiration: Intercostal muscles relax, lowering the rib cage

The atmospheric pressure is 760mmHg

Lung model

Inspiration:

When the diaphragm moves down, the volume inside the thorax increases, causing a decrease in pressure. The lungs inflate until the pressures inside and outside are equal.

Expiration:

When the diaphragm moves up, the volume inside the thorax decreases. This decrease in volume causes an increase in pressure. The lungs deflate until the pressures inside and outside are equal.

This model DOES NOT the intercostal muscles into account

Open Ended

Why is breathing caled an 'automatic' process?

Multiple Choice

The movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration (down the concentration gradient).

What is this a definition of?

• Active transport

• Diffusion

• Osmosis

Gas exchange

• Once in the lungs, oxygen rich air travel through the bronchioles to the alveoli

• Gas exchange then takes place across the wall of the alveoli to the blood by diffusion

• Oxygen in needed by all the cells in our body to be used in respiration

• Respiration uses oxygen to release energy for our cells to use and also produces carbon dioxide, which we breathe out.

Gas exchange

There is more oxygen in the air than the blood, so oxygen moves into the blood by diffusion

There is more carbon dioxide in the blood than the air, so carbon dioxide moves out of the blood by diffusion

Alveoli adaptations

• Air moving in and out maintains a steep diffusion gradient

• Folded shape creates a large surface area

• Good blood supply maintains concentration gradient

• Moist walls - gasses dissolve in the moisture

• Thin walls - short diffusion distance

  
  

Effect of exercise

Muscle cells require more energy during exercise, made during cellular respiration.

Cells will also need more oxygen and produce more carbon dioxide as a result of that increased respiration.

When blood reaches the lungs, a larger volume of air is needed to replace the increased levels of O₂ used and remove the CO₂ produced.

The body increases the rate and depth of breathing to compensate for this.

The time taken for breathing rate to return to normal is known as recovery time and can be used as a measure of fitness.

Multiple Choice

Where does respiration occur?

• Cells

• Lungs

• Skin

• Brain

Multiple Choice

The trachea leads to ....

• Bronchioles

• Bronchi

• Oesophagus

• Pulmonary vessel

Multiple Choice

Given the following structures:

1.larynx

2.nasal cavity

3.pharynx

4.trachea

Which is the correct order that air would flow during inhalation?

• 1234

• 2134

• 2314

• 4231

Multiple Choice

Why is the diaphragm important to the breathing system?

• Helps the system to digest

• it helps the system to do its main functions

• it contracts and relaxes, changing the pressure in the lungs so air will enter/leave

• It decreases the carbon dioxide in the blood

Multiple Choice

When air pressure inside the lungs is less than the air pressure in the atmosphere

• Air moves out of the lungs

• Air move into the lungs

Multiple Choice

What happens to the intercostal muscles during inhalation?

• The diaphragm relaxes

• pressure in the lungs increases

• The ribs are elevated

• The size of the thoracic cavity decreases

Multiple Choice

If someone has a pneumothorax, they have

• a lung infection

• a very big rib cage

• a collapsed lung

• a third lung

Open Ended

What is the name of the gas exchange surface in fish?