Adams Washington Jefferson Hamilton

Bell Work: Monday Dec. 16

Imagine you are forming a new country. You must decide how much power the national government should have compared to the state governments.

Write down whether you think the national government should have:
-All of the power to make decisions for the entire country
-Some power, sharing it equally with the states
-Very little power, with states making most decisions

Lesson Objective

Today I will understand the different political parties in the United States so that I can describe major domestic problems faced by leaders of the new republic and identify the political beliefs held by the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists. I will know I have it when I can explain the difference in political ideologies between the two parties.

The First Political Parties

Opposing Parties

At that time, many Americans thought political parties were harmful to good government.

Subject | Subject

Multiple Choice

Like George Washington, many Americans considered political parties ___________.

• unavoidable

• harmful

• necessary

• illegal

Hamilton vs. Jefferson

Washington's cabinet was clearly divided on key issues. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had very different views. They disagreed on economic policy and foreign relations. They did not share the same opinion on the power of the federal government or on the meaning of the Constitution. Even Washington was partisan (PAHR • tuh • zuhn)—clearly favoring one faction. The president believed he stood above politics, but he usually supported Hamilton's views.

Subject | Subject

partisan - clearly favoring on faction or party

Multiple Choice

Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson often took the same side on issues.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Political Parties Emerge

The Democratic-Republicans, or Republicans, stood against the Federalists. Jefferson and Madison led this faction. They believed in a strict reading of the Constitution. They rejected the Federalist idea of implied powers. They believed congressional powers were limited to what is absolutely necessary to carry out the enumerated powers.

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

Jefferson and Madison believed in ____________.

• a strict interpretation of the Constitution

• unlimited use of implied powers

• representative government

• the dangers of too much democracy

The Role of People

Federalists thought that educated, wealthier men should hold public officials. They did not trust ordinary people to make good decisions. In Hamilton's words, "The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right."

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

Federalists believed that the educated, wealthier men should hold public office.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Democratic-Republicans

The Democratic-Republicans feared a strong central government controlled by only a few people. They believed that democracy and liberty would be safe only if ordinary people took part fully in government. They appealed to the common-man and farmers. As Jefferson wrote in a letter, "I am not among those who fear the people. They, and not the rich, are our dependence [what we depend on] for continued freedom."

Subject | Subject

Multiple Choice

Which best describes the Democratic-Republican beliefs about government?

• They supported the participation of an elite few in government.

• They feared the participation of ordinary people in government.

• They feared a strong central government controlled by a few.

• They supported a strong central government controlled by a few.

Federalists

One party was the Federalists. Led by Hamilton and John Adams, this group favored a strong federal government. They believed the Constitution gave government "implied" powers. These implied powers are not enumerated, or listed clearly in the Constitution. Instead, Federalists believed the enumerated powers imply the power to do other things. Federalists believed Congress could make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out its enumerated powers.

Subject | Subject

distinct - clearly different from others

Multiple Choice

Alexander Hamilton believed that the federal government should act as needed to govern the country well, whether or not those actions were specifically mentioned in the Constitution.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Views on Foreign Policy

Federalists wanted to have alliances with the British.
Democratic-Republicans supported the French Revolution.

Dropdown

​

Select answer

were Pro-British and feared the French Revolution as an example of mob rule.​

Select answer

were Pro-French and sympathetic to the French Revolution.

Views on Economics

Federalists supported the National Bank and protective tariffs.
Democratic-Republicans were against the National Bank.

Multiple Choice

In 1790, Alexander Hamilton proposed the creation of a national bank. Which of the following is one of the reasons that people like Thomas Jefferson opposed the creation of a national bank?

• 
  The bank was not necessary because the federal government did not have any money.

• There was a high probability that the bank would fail.

• The bank would cause high inflation, and it would harm the economy.

• The Constitution did not specifically grant the government the power to create the bank.

Washington's Reaction

1. These growing differences troubled President Washington.

2. He tried to get the two sides to work together, but ultimately failed.

3. The split was so strong that Jefferson​ left the cabinet & his position as Secretary of State.

​

Multiple Choice

Who expressed their concern that political parties were a threat to the ability of people in government to work together?

• Jefferson

• Hamilton

• Washington

• Adams

Dropdown

This group was led by Alexander Hamilton​

Select answer

This group was pro-France and anti-British​

Select answer

This group supported strong state governments​

Select answer

This group favored the national bank and protective tariffs ​

Select answer

Open Ended

What did Hamilton mean by the quote, "if men were angels, no government would be necessary?

Assignment: Sensory Figure

Based on today's lesson and the information in your chart, complete the Sensory Figure.

Complete each of the sentences using a word from the word bank at the bottom of the page. You should use a different word for each sentence, and underline the words used in the sentence.

Sentences on the left side should be written from a Federalist's point of view (Hamilton's party) and sentences on the right should be from a Democratic-Republican's point of view (Jefferson's party).

​The Presidential Election of 1796

To prepare for the election, both parties held caucuses (KAW • kuhs • uhz). At these meetings, members of Congress and other leaders nominated, or chose, their parties' candidates for office.

​

​Each party chose two presidential candidates, and the electors voted for any two. The Federalists chose John Adams and Charles Pinckney. The Republicans chose Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. There was no candidate identified as a vice presidential candidate on the ballot.

Subject | Subject

caucus - a meeting of political party members to choose candidates for up coming elections

Multiple Choice

The presidential election of 1796 saw the first ____________.

• public riots

• party caucuses

• nominating conventions

• candidates for vice president

The XYZ Affair

The nation was in the middle of a dispute with France when Adams took office. The French viewed the 1794 Jay's Treaty as an American attempt to help the British in their war with France. To punish the United States, the French seized American ships that carried cargo to Britain. President Adams sent a team to Paris to try to resolve the dispute in the fall of 1797. French officials chose not to meet with the Americans. Instead, the French sent three agents, who demanded a bribe and a loan for France from the Americans. The Americans refused.

When Adams learned what had happened, he was furious. The president urged Congress to prepare for war. In his report to Congress, Adams used the letters X, Y, and Z in place of the French agents' names. As a result, the event came to be called the XYZ affair.

Subject | Subject

resolve - to find a solution; to settle a conflict

Multiple Choice

The agents X, Y, and Z of the XYZ affair were British agents.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Alien and Sedition Acts

In response to these concerns, Federalists in 1798 passed the Alien and Sedition Acts. Sedition (sih • DIH • shuhn) means activities aimed at weakening the government. The Alien and Sedition Acts allowed the president to imprison aliens. The president could also deport—send out of the country— those thought to be dangerous.

Subject | Subject

Multiple Choice

The Alien and Sedition Acts referred to activities _____________.

• aimed at weakening the government

• that protected the nation's security

• that invited aliens into the country

• designed to prevent immigration

Domestic and Foreign Affairs

The resolutions supported the principle of states' rights. This principle held that the powers of the federal government were limited to those clearly granted by the Constitution. To prevent the federal government from becoming too powerful, the states should have all other powers not expressly forbidden to them. The issue of states' rights would remain an important issue in American politics for many years.

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

The principle of states' rights stated that the powers of the federal government should be limited to those clearly assigned to it by the Constitution.

• TRUE

• FALSE