AP Environmental Science Succession

Ecological succession

Primary and Secondary succession

Pioneer Species

* Bacteria,

*lichens that grow on bare rock and help make soil

*Green Algae

* Fungus

*Mosses

These species help break down their environment or as they die will help create a form of soil, allowing organisms to grow.

Succession of Ponds

1. Once a pond is created seed are flown in by birds or deposited by mammals.

2. As established plants grow and die they sink to the bottom to help fill shallow water.

3. Eventually plants emergent plants cover the pond

4. In time the soft, wet ground of the marsh will overtake by plants and dry out.

Multiple Choice

The picture below represents the transormation (change) of an area avter a volcano eruption. Climax Community is represneted by the letter ____

• A

• B

• E

• F

Climax communities

• Are essentially completed environments that have reached their stability

• They have moved beyond simple algae and bacteria to become a completed ecosystem

• Made up of autotrophs and heterotrophs

Multiple Choice

The picture below represents the transformation (Change) of an area after a forest first. Climax Community is represented by the stages ___

• 1

• 8

• 1 and 8

• 5

Primary Succession

The change from no life to life after a thousand years. Pioneer species create the foundation. Eventually more advanced life will develop as the other life dies it creates soil.

Multiple Choice

Secondary succession occurs in a place where an ecosystem has been destroyed by natural disaster or human impact. Which occurrence represents the first step in growth of organisms to replace the organisms that were depleted in the ecosystem by secondary succession?

• Grasses Growing in the soil layers

• lichens grow on bare rocks

• the growth of shade trees

• the growth of pine trees

secondary Succession

Can occur both naturally and artificially, such as fire or flood. Similar to primary always begins with a barren surface, whereas secondary success begins in environments that already possess soil.

Multiple Choice

Natural disasters such as flooding and tornadoes are linked to ___

• primary

• old fields

• secondary

• ecosystems

Multiple Choice

What type of succession is shown going from figure A to Firgure B?

• Primary succession

• secondary succession

Multiple Choice

Primary succession occurs in area with

• very little soil

• no soil

• lots of soil

Multiple Choice

What is the name give to lichen or algae after primary succession

• pioneer species

• founder species

Multiple Choice

After a volcantic erutptio, lava covers the land, what order that plants gro to repopulate the area?

• Lichen -->Shrubs-->Grasses--> Trees

• Lichens--> Grasses-->Shrubs--> Trees

• Lichens--> Grasses-->shrubs--> Trees

Open Ended

Use the picture below to show how an aquatic succession occurs. Arrange the stages in order from least complex to most.

Open Ended

List 2 abiotic factors and 2 Biotic Factors