Cardiovascular System Lessons

Cardiovascular/Circulatory System

• ​Nutrients

• Oxygen

• Waste

• Heat

• Hormone

• Immune Cells​

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The Cardiovascular System Transports:

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​The heart is a muscular pump​

Multiple Choice

How does the heart function?

• as a piston

• as a pump

• as a lever

​Heart's main purpose is to maintain pressure differences.

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The heart generates high hydrostatic pressure to pump blood out of the heart while also generating low pressure to bring it back into the heart.​

Multiple Choice

What is the job of the heart?

• to maintain pressure and pump nutrients around the body

• to digest food

The heart is about the size of two fists clasped together

Heart

• ​Hollow

• ​Located near the center of the chest between your lungs

• ​Nestled in double walled sac called the pericardium

  • Sac prevents friction as the heart beats​

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Heart is made of three layers: epicardium, myocardium​, and endocardium

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Heart Structure

• 4 Chambers:

  • 2 atria (low pressure areas)

  • 2 ventricles (high pressure areas)

• 4 Valves: pulmonary semilunar valve, tricuspid valve, mitral valve, and aortic semilunar valve

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Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

• atria are low pressure chambers, ventricles are high pressure chambers

• atria are high pressure chambers, ventricles are low pressure chambers

• atria and ventricles are both high pressure chambers

• atria and venrticles are both low pressure chambers

Multiple Choice

How many chambers does the heart have?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Heart Valves

• The valves prevent backflow of blood as the heart pumps

• Valves are ​responsible for the sound of your heart beat

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Multiple Choice

What do the heart valves do?

• Allow blood to flow freely

• Prevent the backflow of blood

• Allow blood to flow to the lungs

• Prevent blood from flowing to the lungs

Atria

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• Receive blood from the body

• Thin walls ​

• Pushes blood into the ventricles​

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Ventricles

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• Pump blood to the body

• Thicker walls

• Receives blood from atria​

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is correct?

• atria receive blood from the body while ventricles push blood out to the body

• atria push blood out to the body while ventricles receive blood from the body

Arteries and Veins

• ​arteries carry blood away from the heart (contains bright red blood)

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• veins carry blood back towards the heart​ (contains darker red blood

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Veins are not actually blue!

Multiple Choice

True or False: Blood in your veins are blue

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

This chamber pumps blood to the lungs and the body (forcing blood to leave the heart)

• Atria

• Ventricle

Multiple Choice

This chamber fills with blood from the lungs and body

• atria

• ventricle

Multiple Choice

The ______ circulation goes to the lungs. The ______ circulation goes to the body.

• systemic, pulmonary

• pulmonary, systemic

• When blood is pumped to the lungs, it goes through capillaries where gas exchange occurs

• Blood from the heart dumps carbon dioxide to the lungs (alveolus) while picking up oxygen ​from the lungs (alveolus)

Gas Exchange​

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Multiple Choice

What is being dropped off to the lungs from the blood?

• oxygen O2

• carbon dioxide CO2

• helium He

• carbon monoxide CO

Multiple Choice

What is being picked up from the lungs that is needed by your body?

• oxygen O2

• carbon dioxide CO2

• helium He

• carbon monoxide CO

What is blood pressure?

​A measure of the amount of strain your arteries feel as your heart moves your blood around ​

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You have around 5 liters of blood in your body!​

• consists of two numbers

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• normal blood pressure is around 120/80

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• ​top number is systolic blood pressure (high pressure)

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• bottom number is diastolic blood pressure ​(low pressure)

Blood Pressure

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​Having high blood pressure can damage arterial walls and eventually harm your heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, etc.

High Blood Pressure

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