Cells and Organelles Explained

Cell Structures

Chapter 7 Section 3

​Cytoplasm

• Fluid inside the cell

  • Made mostly of water

  • But is more sticky/thick like jelly

• All types of cells have cytoplasm

  • Pro & Euk

​Cytoskeleton

• Long protein fibers within the cytoplasm

  • Framework that supports the cell and holds its shape

  • Provides a place for organelles to attach

• All types of cells have cytoskeleton

  • Pro and Euk

Multiple Choice

Eukaryotic AND Prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm and cytoskeleton

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which type of cells have organelles?

• Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic

• Both

​A cell is like a factory

• There are different parts that each perform different tasks

• All parts work together to keep the cell alive

  • making proteins, energy and new cells

  • removing waste

Organelles

Structures in Eukaryotic cells that each have a different function​

​Nucleus

• "Brain" - in charge of cell activities

  • Contains DNA = genetic instructions

    • cell growth

    • making proteins

    • reproduction (making new cells)

• Covered by a membrane called Nuclear Envelope

  • Has little holes in it

• Nucleolus - dark central region​ of the nucleus

​Ribosomes

• "Workers" - in charge of making proteins

  • ​Some float around the cell

  • Some stay on the ER​

• Made in the nucleolus

  • Exit the nucleus through the little holes

Multiple Choice

The nucleus is like the ___________ of the cell - it holds genetic instructions for cell activities

• brain

• worker

Multiple Choice

The ribosomes are the workers of the cell - they make _________

• lipids

• carbohydrates

• proteins

• nucleic acids

​Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• "Assembly Line" - Location for molecule production

• Has 2 areas

  • Rough ER (bumpy)

    • protein production

    • has ribosomes on it

  • Smooth ER (not bumpy)

    • carb and lipid production

    • no ribosomes on it

Multiple Choice

The ER is the ________ for molecule production

• location

• worker

• brain

Multiple Choice

The Rough ER has _________ on it, and is where proteins are made

• nucleic acids

• ribosomes

• proteins

Multiple Choice

The Smooth ER also has ribosomes on it

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The Smooth ER is where ______________ are made

• nucleic acids and lipids

• carbs and lipids

• proteins and carb

• lipids and proteins

​Golgi Apparatus (aka Golgi Body)

• ​"Post office" - prepares proteins to be sent out of the cell

• Puts proteins into Vesicles

  • Vesicles​ are small sacks made of phospholipids

Multiple Choice

The Golgi body puts proteins into small sacks made of phospholipids, that are called _________

• vesicles

• cytoplasm

• the nucleus

• the ER

​Vacuoles

• "Storage containers" - stores cell materials

  • enzymes

  • waste

  • water - plant cells have HUGE vacuoles

​Lysosomes

• ​"Cleaners" - remove unwanted materials

  • old organelles

  • food particles

  • bacteria/viruses​

Multiple Choice

___________ are storage containers for water or other cell materials

• vacuoles

• lysosomes

Multiple Choice

Lysosomes __________ old organelles, waste, bacteria, and viruses

• store

• remove

​Centrioles

• Close to the nucleus​

• Part of cytoskeleton

• Helps with cell division (making new cells)

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(More on these later.....)​

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​Mitochondria

• "Powerhouse" - produces energy

• Converts food particles (glucose) into a form of useable energy (ATP)

​Chloroplasts - Plant cells only

• "Solar energy machines" - convert solar energy into chemical energy (glucose)

• Contains chlorophyll, which makes plants green

​Cell Wall - Plant & Bacteria cells only

• "Support wall" around the cell membrane

• Helps plants to grow tall, and to not break

• Made of a carb called cellulose

​Cilia & Flagella

• "Hairs & Tails" that help the cell move

• Cilia are short, like little hairs

• Flagella are long, like tails

Multiple Choice

Chloroplasts in plant cells convert __________ into chemical energy

• solar energy

• electrical energy

• carbohydrate energy

Multiple Choice

The cell wall give plants _________ so they can grow tall

• support

• movement

Multiple Choice

What is the function of cilia and flagella?

• help the cell move

• help the cell eat

• helps the cell grow

• help the cell reproduce

Amoeba Sisters - Introduction to Cells

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8IlzKri08kk

Another Youtuber Tutor - Organelles Structure and Function

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m35jZGyEDhI