Colonization of the 13 Colonies

The 13 Colonies

by Peter Way

Multiple Choice

What is the title of this lesson?

• America History Stuff

• 13 Colognes 

• The 13 Colonies

• Christopher Columbus

​Spain, France, Netherlads, English

Multiple Choice

At first, which two European countries had most control of North America

• Spain and England

• Spain and Portugal

• France and Sweden

• Spain and France

​The 13 Colonies

1. ​New Hampshire

2. ​Massachusetts

3. ​New York

4. ​Connecticut

5. ​Rhode Island

6. ​Pennsylvania

7. ​New Jersey

8. ​Maryland

9. ​Delaware

10. ​Virginia

11. ​North Carolina

12. South Carolina

13. ​Georgia

​Virginia... The first one

​Jamestown

Multiple Choice

What is a charter?

• A document giving the right to self-govern

• A list of laws

• Someone who writes charts

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​Virginia Company made up of gentlemen.

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Jamestown set up as military post to raid Spanish

​Virginia

​The settlement of Jamestown suffered from disease, starvation, and hostilities from the Native Americans.

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​Virginia

​The settlement of Jamestown suffered from disease, starvation, and hostilities from the Native Americans.

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​The King took away their charter and put Virginia under direct rule by the King - they could no longer govern themselves

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​Virginia

After the original Virginia Company, England sent the unemployed, criminals, and unwanted

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​Virginia

After the original Virginia Company, England sent the unemployed, criminals, and unwanted

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​Salutary neglect - England didn't enforce their laws

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...Therefore, things could happen in America that couldn't happen in England

Fill in the Blank

Salutary _______  means that the English government neglected the colonies and so the colonists could get away with things

​Massachusetts

• ​England had been in a lot of religious turmoil.

• ​Christianity had been the primary religion for a long time but it split into two: Catholics and Protestants

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The Mayflower

​Massachusetts

• ​England had been in a lot of religious turmoil.

• ​Christianity was the main had been the primary religion for a long time but it split into two: Catholics and Protestants

• ​England broke away from the Catholic Church that included much of Europe

• ​Many different religious groups with different beliefs started springing up throughout England

The Mayflower

​Massachusetts (Continued)

• ​Some of these religious groups were called Puritans and Separatists.

• ​These groups were persecuted because they didn't follow the mainstream Church of England

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The Mayflower

​Massachusetts (Continued)

• ​Some of these religious groups were called Puritans and Separatists.

• ​These groups were persecuted because they didn't follow the mainstream Church of England

• ​Many of them were still very loyal to England and hoped to help guide England into truth.

• ​One of these radical groups became known as the Pilgrims

The Mayflower

​Massachusetts (Continued)

• ​The Pilgrims set out to America hoping that they would have more religious freedom in the New World.

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Signing the Mayflower Compact

​Massachusetts (Continued)

• ​The Pilgrims set out to America hoping that they would have more religious freedom in the New World.

• Their ship was called The Mayflower.

• ​They were famous because they signed the Mayflower Compact.

• ​The Mayflower Compact was an agreement that the citizens made with each other

Signing the Mayflower Compact

​Massachusetts (Continued)

• ​The Pilgrims landed and started a settlement in Plymouth in present-day Massachusetts

• ​They are famous for the Thanksgiving meal that they shared with Native Americans

​Massachusetts (Continued)

• ​John Winthrop was the leader of the Massachusetts Bay Company

• ​He hoped to make Massachusetts a "City on a Hill" - an example of what Christianity should look like to the rest of the world

John Wintrhop

​Pennsylvania

• ​Another religious group that was persecuted was called the Quakers

William Penn

​Pennsylvania

• ​Another religious group that was persecuted was called the Quakers

• ​"They quaked, they honored, the feared no man, only God."

• ​Became called "Quakers"

• ​Pacifists

William Penn

​Pennsylvania

• ​Another religious group that was persecuted was called the Quakers

• ​"They quaked, they honored, the feared no man, only God."

• ​Became called "Quakers"

• ​Pacifists

• ​Hoped establish Philadelphia as "City of brotherly love" - harmony, Christian love

William Penn

​Maryland

• ​George Calvert organized a settlement in America for Catholics (it failed)

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Cecilius Calvert

​Maryland

• ​George Calvert organized a settlement in America for Catholics (it failed)

• ​His son, Cecilius Calvert, started a settlement and named it St. Mary's City.

• ​The Colony became known as Maryland named after the King of England's Catholic wife.

Cecilius Calvert

​The Divine Right of Kings

​Monarchs (Kings and sometimes Queens) are given the right to rule by God himself.

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​Therefore, the common people ought to follow whoever is in charge without question.

​The Divine Right of Kings

​In the 1600s, the people of England rebelled against their King, King Charles I. They executed him and tried to set up a government where they had more power.

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This government did not work in England and the monarchy was restored soon after.

​King Charles I

​The Divine Right of Kings

​Even though overthrowing the king didn't work (King Charles' son returned to claim the throne), the people of England started to doubt the Divine Right of Kings idea.

​Charles II of England

​Carolina

• ​The King was back in charge but some people wanted to experiment with other types of government

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The Lords Proprietors

​Carolina

• ​The King was back in charge but some people wanted to experiment with other types of government

• Eight men wanted to experiment with group-rule​- but that would have been treason against the King!!!

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The Lords Proprietors

​Carolina

• ​The King was back in charge but some people wanted to experiment with other types of government

• Eight men wanted to experiment with group-rule​- but that would have been treason against the King!!!

• ​Maybe they could get away with it in America?!

• ​Eventually didn't work out

The Lords Proprietors

​Georgia

• ​America became place for all types of society experiments

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James Oglethorpe

​Georgia

• ​America became place for all types of society experiments

• ​James Oglethorpe started colony of Georgia (1732) as a haven for poor people

• ​debtors, homeless, unwanted moved to Georgia to start a new life

James Oglethorpe

New York

• ​The Dutch (Netherlands) and Swedes (Sweden) settled New York before the English

• The Dutch surrendered to King Charles II's brother James, Duke of York

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James Duke of York

New York

• ​The Dutch (Netherlands) and Swedes (Sweden) settled New York before the English

• The Dutch surrendered to King Charles II's brother James, Duke of York

• New Netherlands eventually changed its name to New York (after the Duke of York)

• ​New Amsterdam city (Amsterdam was the capital of Netherlands) became New York City

James Duke of York

​Other Colonies

• ​New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey and Delaware make up the rest of the 13 colonies

Conclusion

• ​Did NOT go as planned...

• ​Massachusetts - unlike John Winthrop's dream, Massachusetts did NOT become a city on a hill.

Conclusion

• ​Did NOT go as planned...

• ​Massachusetts - unlike John Winthrop's dream, Massachusetts did NOT become a city on a hill.

• ​broke into other colonies including New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode island

Conclusion (Continued)

• ​Did NOT go as planned...

• Virginia - did NOT become raiding post against Spain...

• King took away charter and ruled directly​

• ​BUT DID gain wealth growing tobacco

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Conclusion (Continued)

• ​Did NOT go as planned...

• Virginia - did NOT become raiding post against Spain...

• ​King took away charter and ruled directly​

• ​BUT DID gain wealth growing tobacco

• ​Carolina - devastated by Natives and settlers overthrew the Lords Proprietors and gave power to King

• ​BUT found wealth in rice and indigo crops

Conclusion (Continued)

• ​Did NOT go as planned...

• Georgia - the trustees who "took care of" the poor and criminals of Georgia surrendered their charter to the King as well

Conclusion (Continued)

• ​Did NOT go as planned...

• Georgia - the trustees who "took care of" the poor and criminals of Georgia surrendered their charter to the King as well

• In ​Pennsylvania, only 10% of land buyers were Quakers and Philadelphia NOT "holy city of Christian brotherhood"

• ​Philadelphia became one of most religiously tolerant city (pacifism)

Conclusion (Continued)

• American History Theme - Very little in America would go according to the original intent