Colonization of the 13 Colonies

The 13 Colonies

by Peter Way

Multiple Choice

What is the title of this lesson?

• America History Stuff

• 13 Colognes 

• The 13 Colonies

• Christopher Columbus

​Spain, France, Netherlads, English

Multiple Choice

At first, which two European countries had most control of North America

• Spain and England

• Spain and Portugal

• France and Sweden

• Spain and France

​The 13 Colonies

1. ​New Hampshire

2. ​Massachusetts

3. ​New York

4. ​Connecticut

5. ​Rhode Island

6. ​Pennsylvania

7. ​New Jersey

8. ​Maryland

9. ​Delaware

10. ​Virginia

11. ​North Carolina

12. South Carolina

13. ​Georgia

​Virginia... The first one

​Jamestown

Multiple Choice

What is a charter?

• A document giving the right to self-govern

• A list of laws

• Someone who writes charts

​

​Virginia Company made up of gentlemen.

​

Jamestown set up as military post to raid Spanish

​Virginia

​The settlement of Jamestown suffered from disease, starvation, and hostilities from the Native Americans.

​

​

​

​Virginia

​The settlement of Jamestown suffered from disease, starvation, and hostilities from the Native Americans.

​

​The King took away their charter and put Virginia under direct rule by the King - they could no longer govern themselves

​

​

​Virginia

After the original Virginia Company, England sent the unemployed, criminals, and unwanted

​

​

​Virginia

After the original Virginia Company, England sent the unemployed, criminals, and unwanted

​

​Salutary neglect - England didn't enforce their laws

​

...Therefore, things could happen in America that couldn't happen in England

Fill in the Blanks

Salutary

  means that the English government neglected the colonies and so the colonists could get away with things

​Massachusetts

• ​England had been in a lot of religious turmoil.

• ​Christianity had been the primary religion for a long time but it split into two: Catholics and Protestants

• ​

The Mayflower

​Massachusetts

• ​England had been in a lot of religious turmoil.

• ​Christianity was the main had been the primary religion for a long time but it split into two: Catholics and Protestants

• ​England broke away from the Catholic Church that included much of Europe

• ​Many different religious groups with different beliefs started springing up throughout England

The Mayflower

​Massachusetts (Continued)

• ​Some of these religious groups were called Puritans and Separatists.

• ​These groups were persecuted because they didn't follow the mainstream Church of England

• ​

The Mayflower

​Massachusetts (Continued)

• ​Some of these religious groups were called Puritans and Separatists.

• ​These groups were persecuted because they didn't follow the mainstream Church of England

• ​Many of them were still very loyal to England and hoped to help guide England into truth.

• ​One of these radical groups became known as the Pilgrims

The Mayflower

​Massachusetts (Continued)

• ​The Pilgrims set out to America hoping that they would have more religious freedom in the New World.

• ​

Signing the Mayflower Compact

​Massachusetts (Continued)

• ​The Pilgrims set out to America hoping that they would have more religious freedom in the New World.

• Their ship was called The Mayflower.

• ​They were famous because they signed the Mayflower Compact.

• ​The Mayflower Compact was an agreement that the citizens made with each other

Signing the Mayflower Compact

​Massachusetts (Continued)

• ​The Pilgrims landed and started a settlement in Plymouth in present-day Massachusetts

• ​They are famous for the Thanksgiving meal that they shared with Native Americans

​Massachusetts (Continued)

• ​John Winthrop was the leader of the Massachusetts Bay Company

• ​He hoped to make Massachusetts a "City on a Hill" - an example of what Christianity should look like to the rest of the world

John Wintrhop

​Pennsylvania

• ​Another religious group that was persecuted was called the Quakers

William Penn

​Pennsylvania

• ​Another religious group that was persecuted was called the Quakers

• ​"They quaked, they honored, the feared no man, only God."

• ​Became called "Quakers"

• ​Pacifists

William Penn

​Pennsylvania

• ​Another religious group that was persecuted was called the Quakers

• ​"They quaked, they honored, the feared no man, only God."

• ​Became called "Quakers"

• ​Pacifists

• ​Hoped establish Philadelphia as "City of brotherly love" - harmony, Christian love

William Penn

​Maryland

• ​George Calvert organized a settlement in America for Catholics (it failed)

• ​

Cecilius Calvert

​Maryland

• ​George Calvert organized a settlement in America for Catholics (it failed)

• ​His son, Cecilius Calvert, started a settlement and named it St. Mary's City.

• ​The Colony became known as Maryland named after the King of England's Catholic wife.

Cecilius Calvert

​The Divine Right of Kings

​Monarchs (Kings and sometimes Queens) are given the right to rule by God himself.

​

​Therefore, the common people ought to follow whoever is in charge without question.

​The Divine Right of Kings

​In the 1600s, the people of England rebelled against their King, King Charles I. They executed him and tried to set up a government where they had more power.

​

This government did not work in England and the monarchy was restored soon after.

​King Charles I

​The Divine Right of Kings

​Even though overthrowing the king didn't work (King Charles' son returned to claim the throne), the people of England started to doubt the Divine Right of Kings idea.

​Charles II of England

​Carolina

• ​The King was back in charge but some people wanted to experiment with other types of government

• ​

The Lords Proprietors

​Carolina

• ​The King was back in charge but some people wanted to experiment with other types of government

• Eight men wanted to experiment with group-rule​- but that would have been treason against the King!!!

• ​

The Lords Proprietors

​Carolina

• ​The King was back in charge but some people wanted to experiment with other types of government

• Eight men wanted to experiment with group-rule​- but that would have been treason against the King!!!

• ​Maybe they could get away with it in America?!

• ​Eventually didn't work out

The Lords Proprietors

​Georgia

• ​America became place for all types of society experiments

• ​

James Oglethorpe

​Georgia

• ​America became place for all types of society experiments

• ​James Oglethorpe started colony of Georgia (1732) as a haven for poor people

• ​debtors, homeless, unwanted moved to Georgia to start a new life

James Oglethorpe

New York

• ​The Dutch (Netherlands) and Swedes (Sweden) settled New York before the English

• The Dutch surrendered to King Charles II's brother James, Duke of York

• ​

James Duke of York

New York

• ​The Dutch (Netherlands) and Swedes (Sweden) settled New York before the English

• The Dutch surrendered to King Charles II's brother James, Duke of York

• New Netherlands eventually changed its name to New York (after the Duke of York)

• ​New Amsterdam city (Amsterdam was the capital of Netherlands) became New York City

James Duke of York

​Other Colonies

• ​New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey and Delaware make up the rest of the 13 colonies

Conclusion

• ​Did NOT go as planned...

• ​Massachusetts - unlike John Winthrop's dream, Massachusetts did NOT become a city on a hill.

Conclusion

• ​Did NOT go as planned...

• ​Massachusetts - unlike John Winthrop's dream, Massachusetts did NOT become a city on a hill.

• ​broke into other colonies including New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode island

Conclusion (Continued)

• ​Did NOT go as planned...

• Virginia - did NOT become raiding post against Spain...

• King took away charter and ruled directly​

• ​BUT DID gain wealth growing tobacco

• ​

Conclusion (Continued)

• ​Did NOT go as planned...

• Virginia - did NOT become raiding post against Spain...

• ​King took away charter and ruled directly​

• ​BUT DID gain wealth growing tobacco

• ​Carolina - devastated by Natives and settlers overthrew the Lords Proprietors and gave power to King

• ​BUT found wealth in rice and indigo crops

Conclusion (Continued)

• ​Did NOT go as planned...

• Georgia - the trustees who "took care of" the poor and criminals of Georgia surrendered their charter to the King as well

Conclusion (Continued)

• ​Did NOT go as planned...

• Georgia - the trustees who "took care of" the poor and criminals of Georgia surrendered their charter to the King as well

• In ​Pennsylvania, only 10% of land buyers were Quakers and Philadelphia NOT "holy city of Christian brotherhood"

• ​Philadelphia became one of most religiously tolerant city (pacifism)

Conclusion (Continued)

• American History Theme - Very little in America would go according to the original intent