Earth's Systems Review

Unit 1 Earth Systems Review

Earth's Major Spheres

Hydrosphere

Ocean is the most prominent feature of the hydrosphere. 

Also includes fresh water found in streams, lakes, and glaciers, as well as that found underground

Biosphere

Includes all life on earth

Concentrated near the surface in a zone that extends from the ocean floor upward for several kilometres into the atmosphere 

Atmosphere 

Thin, tenuous blanket of air 

Geosphere

Based on compositional differences, it consists of the crust, mantle, and core.

Layers of the earth

Crust—the thin, rocky outer layer of Earth

Mantle—the 2890-kilometer-thick layer of  Earth located below the crust

Core—the innermost layer of Earth, located beneath the mantle.

Multiple Select

What does the prefix bio mean?

• water

• life

• earth

• gas

Poll

Which sphere of earth is made up of the crust, mantle, and core layers

• Atmosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

Types of Planets

• Jovian (Gas)

• Terrestrial
  

• Dwarf

Multiple Choice

What type of Planet is Earth

• Jovian

• Terrestrial

• Dwarf

Multiple Choice

What type of planet is Jupiter?

• Jovian

• Terrestrial

• Dwarf

The Planets

•       Planets are classified according to their location in the solar system.     

 •       Inner planets are those with orbits between the Sun and asteroid belt; outer planets orbit outside the asteroid belt. 

•       Terrestrial planets are made mainly of rocky material and giant gaseous planets are made mainly of ice and gas.

My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine (Pizzas)

Order of Planets neumonic 

Mercury

~planet closest to Sun 

~has no true atmosphere; surface temperatures are extreme               

~has many craters and long, steep cliffs      

Venus

~second from Sun and similar to Earth in size and mass

~extremely dense atmosphere of clouds causing intense greenhouse effect resulting in surface temps between 450ᵒC and 475ᵒC

Earth

~third planet from the Sun 

~water exists on Earth as solid, liquid and gas    
~atmosphere protects surface from meteors and Sun’s radiation    

Mars

fourth planet from the Sun 

called the red planet because of the iron oxide that is present in the surface rocks 

thin atmosphere causing extreme temps, strong winds & global dust storms

has polar ice caps, seasons,& other evidence that water is or was once present   

Jupiter

largest planet in solar system; fifth from Sun

atmosphere mostly hydrogen and helium; many high pressure gas storms with the most notable being the Great Red Spot

has at least 60 moons with four having their own atmosphere

Saturn

sixth planet from Sun, second largest in solar system

gas planet made of hydrogen, helium, ammonia, methane and water vapor

outer rings made of ice and rock

31 moons, with largest moon, Titan, being larger than Mercury       

Uranus

seventh planet from Sun; large and gaseous

  
methane in atmosphere gives planet it blue-green color

has tilted axis of rotation moving around Sun like a rolling ball

Neptune

eighth planet from Sun

has surface of frozen nitrogen and geysers that erupt nitrogen gas         

Poll

Which planet has most extreme temperatures?

• Pluto

• Earth

• Mercury

• Uranus

Multiple Select

______ has the thickest(most dense) atmosphere.

• Jupiter

• Earth

• Venus

• Saturn

Geocentric vs Heleocentric 

Geocentric (Earth-centered) model – early Greeks thought planets, the Sun, Moon and stars rotated around the earth         

Heliocentric (Sun-centered) model – Nicholas Copernicus and Galileo Galilei observed that the Moon revolved around the Earth and that Earth and the other planets revolved around the Sun.

Nebular Hypothesis 

• Astronomers believe the solar system began 4.6 billion years ago. 

• A cloud of gas, ice and dust formed slowly. 
  

• Shock waves (possibly from a supernova, or exploding star) might have caused the cloud to compress. 

• Cloud became more dense, rotated faster, heated up, and flattened to form a disc

• Heated material from contracting cloud triggered nuclear fusion, forming the Sun

• Material left behind became objects(Asteroids) of solar system

• Objects collide to form planets

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was the final stage of the nebular hypothesis

• particles collide to form asteroids

• nebula rotated, sun formed

• asteroids collide to form planets

• nebula cooled, solid pieces formed