First River Valley Civilizations

Unit one vocabulary-River Valley civilization

​domestication

​The taming of wild plants and animals to be used for human use.

​migration

​- the movement of people from one place to another with the intention of settling

​archaeology

​

the study of history and humankind through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts

​artifact

​

anything made, used, or modified by humans, typically an item of cultural or historical interest but it does not need to be old

​diffusion

​

diffusion- the spread of people, ideas, technology, and products among places

​agriculture

​the science of farming; growing crops and rising livestock.

​irrigation

​bringing controlled amounts of water to crops

​surplus

​an amount of a resource that is more than you can use

​natural resources

 materials from the Earth that are used to support life and meet people's needs

Neolithic Revolution & Early Civilizations Review

​

Poll

How much do you remember about the Neolithic Revolution & Early River Valley Civilizations?

• I got this! I remember everything.

• Maybe a little bit, I'm not really sure, but the image looks familiar

• I have no clue what we learned about those topics -- it has been way too long!

Neolithic Revolution Review

*The discovery of farming led to a decline in the hunting / gathering lifestyle and a rise in permanent settlements

*Farming led to a surplus of products and people then began to trade items / resources

Neolithic Revolution Review

*People began settling near river valleys to have access to the water necessary to grow their crops and to provide a means of transportation

*As settlements expanded over time, communities, cities and civilizations were developed

Multiple Choice

Which of these would complete the list of Advancements in the Neolithic Age?

• The use of the chariot

• The invention of the waterwheel

• The development of sanitation systems

• The rise of permanent settlements

Multiple Choice

What change began in the Neolithic Age that led to the creation of permanent settlements?

• Hunting

• Trading

• Farming

• Building

Early River Valley Civilizations Review

*Rivers provided water for crops and also a means of transportation

*Interaction with other civilizations through trade helped societies to advance / evolve

*Chinese and Indian civilizations didn't evolve as fast as other civilizations due to physical barriers that limited trade

Multiple Choice

Why did Chinese and Indian civilizations evolve more slowly than other river valley civilizations?

• They were unwilling to interact with other cultures

• Physical barriers limited trade with other civilizations

• Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations were more intelligent

• Mesopotamia's access to oil allowed for quicker advancements in technology

Elements of a Civilization

Each of the items shown in the image are necessary for a society to be considered a civilization

Civilizations are advanced societies in which cultural and social developments are present

Elements of a Civilization

Job specialization (different jobs) is a key factor in the advancement of a society as people can now focus on developing new skills which can lead to growth in science, technology & math

Multiple Choice

Early river valley civilizations influenced the development of future civilizations due to --

• Job specialization creating advancements in science, technology and mathematics

• The deforestation of the Amazon

• Causing climate change and pollution issues in the regions in which they settled

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would be the correct title for this diagram?

• Geographic features of the early civilizations

• Basic components of the Paleolithic Age

• Elements of a Civilization

Early Codes of Law

*Hammurabi's Code and the Ten Commandments are both early forms of laws / codes of conduct

*Hammurabi's Code consisted of harsh punishments and civil laws

*The Ten Commandments are religious laws followed by Jews and Christians

Multiple Choice

The statements in the box show that the ancient civilizations who developed these concepts placed an emphasis on --

• Anarchy

• Law

• Trade

• Architecture

Multiple Choice

One difference between Hammurabi's Code and the Ten Commandments is --

• Hammurabi's Code consists of harsh punishments & civil laws, while the Ten Commandments established religious laws

• Hammurabi's Code is still enforced in modern European culture, while the Ten Commandments are no longer influential

• Hammurabi's Code promoted equality, while the Ten Commandments created a caste system

We are done with this review...

With our semester exam coming up, what do you feel would benefit you the most in our Zoom class prior to the test?

Let's take a poll....

Poll

What would help you the most during our Zoom call prior to our semester exam?

• Game Reviews (Gimkit, Kahoot, etc.)

• Review Lessons like this one

• Nothing really, I am feeling completely prepared for the test

Poll

What topic(s) do you feel you need to spend more time studying prior to the exam?

• Renaissance

• Medieval Europe

• Cultural Interaction / Diffusion (trade & spread of culture)

• Classical Civilizations

• Neolithic Revolution & Early River Civilizations

Thank you for your participation & your feedback!!

Be sure to go back into Schoology and complete the other review activities in today's folder.

You can revisit any of the other reviews from each day this week as well to ensure you master all topics

River Valley Civilizations

World Cultures 2020-21

What is a "civilization"?

• Complex institutions

• Advanced cities

• Advanced technology

• Specialized workers

• Record keeping

• Should we use this term?

Quipu, Andes Region, S. America

Multiple Select

Which would we not regard as evidence that a society is a "civilization"?

• A method of writing

• Temples staffed by trained priests

• Villages surrounded by farmland

• Jewelry-makers, scribes, and doctors

• A capital city with a palace and markets

Open Ended

What is the relationship between agriculture and civilization?

Mesopotamia

• c. 4000-600 BCE

• Tigris & Euphrates Rivers

• Competition & Instability

• Irrigation, Wheel, Cuneiform, Base-60

• Drought & Soil Salination

• Becomes part of Persian Empire

Cuneiform on clay tablet with stylus

Multiple Choice

What challenges did societies in Mesopotamia face?

• Physical isolation and lack of resources

• Absence of technology and innovation

• Excessive rainfall and harsh winters

• Unpredictable flooding and invasions

Nile River Valley

• 3200-1630 BCE

• Predictable flooding

• Barriers to invasion

• Unified state early

• Stability

• Cultural continuity

Nile River at Night, 2012

Multiple Select

The Nile River civilization was characterized by...

• Working with gentle, predictable flooding

• Early development of a stable, territorial state

• Constant invasions from the south and west

• Ongoing revolutions in culture that resulted in little continuity

Yellow River Valley

• c. 2200-700 BCE

• Early centralized state

• Military & Expansion

• Mandate of Heaven

• Cultural continuity

Yellow River (Huang He), China

Multiple Choice

The Yellow and Nile River Valley civilizations are similar in what way?

• They both dealt with dangerous, unpredictable flooding.

• They were both home to numerous, competing city-states.

• They both displayed a great degree of cultural continuity.

• They were both very dependent on growing wheat.

Indus River Valley

• 3000-1700 BCE

• Harappan Civilization

• City-States & Common Culture

• Less stratified

• Elaborately-planned cities

• Writing - a mystery!

• Decline: Environmental problems?

Sewer or Water Conduit, Mohenjo-Daro (Pakistan)

Seal with writing and zebu, Mohenjo-Daro (Pakistan)

Multiple Select

What makes the Indus River Valley civilization unique?

• It was the only river valley civilization in Asia.

• It appears to have been fairly egalitarian.

• Its writing system has still not been deciphered.

• It may have faced problems from overworking the land and overusing resources.

Social & Political Change

• Stratification

• Patriarchy

• States & Militaries

• Kinship Less Important

• Kings & Priests

Multiple Choice

The emergence of civilization did NOT cause which of the following?

• The extinction of hunter-gatherer societies

• A growth in men's power and a decline in women's power

• Greater stratification based on occupation and wealth

• The formation of organized militaries

Poll

Which River Valley Civilization would you most like to live in?

• Mesopotamia

• Nile River Valley

• Yellow River Valley

• Indus River Valley

Indus Valley Civilization p.129-134

🎯

Analyze how the environment influenced the

Indus Valley civilization
🎯

Describe the achievements of the Indus Valley

civilization
🎯

Explain why the Indus Valley Civilization’s

politics, religion, and history remain a mystery

LESSON TARGETS

VOCABULARY

subcontinent

a large landmass
that is set apart
from the rest of the
continent

VOCABULARY

river system

main river, and all
the other rivers

VOCABULARY

monsoon
Seasonal wind
that brings rain to
the Indian
subcontinent
during parts of the
year

VOCABULARY

granary

special building
used to hold grain

VOCABULARY

citadel

fortified area

VOCABULARY

achievement

accomplishment that
requires effort or skill

VOCABULARY

evidence

information used
to prove
something

Multiple Choice

Main river, and all the other rivers

• subcontinent

• river system

• monsoon

• granary

Multiple Choice

A large landmass that is set apart from the rest of the continent

• subcontinent

• river system

• monsoon

• granary

Multiple Choice

special building used to hold grain

• subcontinent

• river system

• monsoon

• granary

Multiple Choice

Seasonal wind that brings rain to the Indian subcontinent during parts of the year

• subcontinent

• river system

• monsoon

• granary

Multiple Choice

information used to prove something

• citadel

• achievement

• evidence

Multiple Choice

Accomplishment that requires effort or skill

• citadel

• achievement

• evidence

Multiple Choice

fortified area

• citadel

• achievement

• evidence

The Himalayas and the Hindu Kush mountain ranges

Along the coasts and rivers in the lower elevations

They provided water for
growing crops, which led to a
surplus of food.

The river valley provided
water to irrigate farmland.

Successful farming led to a
surplus of crops that helped
civilization grow.

Disease

Lack of forest cover

Overgrazing of cattle

drought

Lesson 1 The Indus Valley
Civilization

The first civilizations arose near rivers.
One such civilization formed along the
Indus River in South Asia. Farmers
grew plenty of food, and populations
grew. In time, some of the people settled
in towns and cities and formed
governments.

What Is the Indian
Subcontinent

South Asia is also known as the
Indian subcontinent.It is called
a subcontinent because of its
large size and its isolation from
the rest of Asia.

What Is the Indian
Subcontinent

South Asia is bounded to the
north by mountains—the
Himalayas and the Hindu Kush.
Ocean surrounds much of the
rest of the land. South Asia's
climate is dominated by seasonal
winds called monsoons.

What Is the Indian
Subcontinent

These bring dry, hot weather
in the winter. In summer,
monsoons bring a rainy
season that provides water for
crops.

What Is the Indian Subcontinent

India’s first civilization grew around the
valleys of the Indus and now-dry
Saraswati rivers. When the rivers
flooded, they left behind rich soil. River
water allowed farmers to harvest
plentiful crops and feed the cities of the
civilization.

Indus Valley Civilization

Farmers first began groups near the
Indus River system around 7000
BCE. From these beginnings an
advanced civilization arose around
2500 BCE and disappeared by 1700
BCE. Indus Valley cities were well
planned and organized.

Indus Valley Civilization

Cities were surrounded by thick
walls. Huge raised mounds of earth
and brick offered protection from
floods. Many featuresof the Indus
Valley people showed an advanced
knowledge of mathematics.

Indus Valley Civilization

For example, cities had grids of
wide, straight streets. The people
used an advanced system of
weights and measures using
multiples of ten. Indus Valley
farmers built irrigation channels
and ditches to provide reliable
supplies of water to crops.

Indus Valley Civilization

They built granaries to hold
surplus grain. Indus Valley people
were also active traders. They
exchanged jewelry, cotton cloth,
and teak wood for foreign
products.

What Mysteries Surround the
Indus Valley Civilization?

Scientists know little about many
features of the Indus Valley
civilization. For example, they do
not know how it was governed and
what religion its people practiced.

What Mysteries Surround the
Indus Valley Civilization?

The cities also contain large
citadels, or fortified areas, of
unknown purpose. Another
mystery is the symbols found on
stone seals and pottery.

What Mysteries Surround the
Indus Valley Civilization?

This may represent writing, but no
one has figured out how to read
the markings. However, the
greatest mystery surrounding the
Indus Valley civilization is why it
disappeared around 1700 bce.

What Mysteries Surround the
Indus Valley Civilization?

There are several possible reasons
for the civilization’s decline.
There may have been an outbreak
of disease.

What Mysteries Surround the
Indus Valley Civilization?

The stripping of forest may have
left the people without wood and
more vulnerable to floods. Other
possibilities include damage to
the soil, an earthquake, and
drought.

The large landmass set apart
from the main continent of
Asia

To store surplus grain

The floods deposited rich soil.

Farmers made irrigation
channels to water their fields.

They had houses with
bathrooms and trash chutes
and a sewage system.

They created an advanced
system of weights and
measures.

All grew near rivers, used
irrigation for farming and built
cities.

No one has deciphered their
writing yet.

C

H

A

M

P

Answer Quiz

Multiple Choice

What physical feature separates the subcontinent of India from the rest of Asia?

• Indian Ocean

• Bay of Bengal

• Deccan Plateau

• Himalayas

Multiple Choice

Where did the first civilization of India arise?

• along the Ganges River

• along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers

• near the coast of the subcontinent

• on the central plateau

Multiple Choice

What did early farming villages in India depend on?

• the summer monsoon

• the winter monsoon

• the summer typhoon

• the winter typhoon

Multiple Choice

What caused the Indus Valley civilization to disappear?

• heavy flooding

• drought

• foreign invaders

• no known cause

Multiple Choice

Many of the achievements of the ancient Indus Valley civilization was due to their advanced knowledge of

• farming.

• mathematics.

• weather patterns.

• geography.

Multiple Choice

How did rivers and monsoons support the development of India's first civilizations?

• They provided water for growing crops, which led to a surplus of food

• The large landmass set apart from the main continent of Asia

• They had houses with bathrooms and trash chutes and a sewage system

Multiple Choice

What were some innovations of the Indus Valley civilization?

• They provided water for growing crops, which led to a surplus of food

• They provided water for growing crops, which led to a surplus of food

• They had houses with bathrooms and trash chutes and a sewage system

Multiple Choice

True or False: The Indus Valley Civilization and other ancient river valley civilizations developed near rivers, used irrigation for farming and built cities.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

True or False: India is a subcontinent because it is a large landmass set apart from the ain continent of Asia.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

The following are possible reasons for the Indus Valley Civilization decline EXCEPT (2 Points):

• Disease

• Stripping of forest

• Drought

• Flooding