Ionic Covalent Lesson

Electrons are the Key

• If valence electrons are shared by atoms, it is called COVALENT bonding

• If valence electrons move freely between atoms, it is called METALLIC bonding

• If valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another, it is called IONIC Bonding

​Two nonmetals

​Electron(s) are

​shared

​Between a metal and nonmetal

​Electrons are transferred from a metal to a nonmetal

Ionic Bonds

• Form Crystalline Lattice (crystals)

• Have high melting and boiling points

• Hard

• Brittle

• Conduct electricity when dissolved in water

What you need to remember...

• Metals + Nonmetals

• Make IONIC bonds

• Transfer electrons

• High electronegativity difference

Covalent Compounds

• Have Lower melting and boiling points

• Tend to be flammable

• When dissolved in water they do not conduct electricity

• Soft or brittle solid

• Can also form crystals

What you need to remember

• Nonmetal + Nonmetal

• Make COVALENT bonds

• Share electrons

• Low electronegativity difference

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

• DEN Range is the difference in electronegativity values between atoms

• Determines the type of bond

• Covalent bonds have similar electronegativities

• Ionic bonds have different electronegativities

Metallic Bonds

• good conductors of heat and electricity

• malleable and ductile

• lustrous

• opaque

What you need to remember

• Metal ions near each other share valence electrons

• These valence electrons flow freely between all of the ions

• These delocalized electrons are why metals conduct heat and electricity

• It is also why metals are malleable and ductile

Multiple Choice

Why do all bonds form?

• so the number of protons equals the number of electrons

• so an atom can become unstable

• to fill the outermost energy level

Multiple Choice

Valence electrons are found

• in the innermost energy level of an atom

• in the middle energy levels of an atom

• in the outermost energy levels of an atom

Multiple Choice

Covalent bonds are between...

• Metal and Non-metal
• Non-metal and Non-metal
• Metal and Metal

Multiple Choice

Ionic bonds are between...

• Metal and Non-metal
• Non-metal and Non-metal
• Metal and Metal

Multiple Choice

Atoms are most stable when their outer shell is complete.

• true
• false

Multiple Choice

How are covalent bonds formed?

• Sharing of electrons
• Transfer of electrons

Multiple Choice

How are ionic bonds formed?

• Transfer of electrons
• Sharing of electrons

Multiple Choice

Why do elements bond?

• To be friends
• To create a new element
• To become stable

Multiple Choice

What is a valence electron?

• The sum of neutrons and protons.
• The # of electrons in the last shell.
• A type of bond.
• A popular compound.

Multiple Choice

Where are the nonmetals located on the periodic table? 

• Blue
• Red
• Green

Multiple Choice

Where are metals located on the periodic table?

• Blue
• Green
• Red

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the correct Lewis dot structure for the molecule fluorine (F₂)?

• A
• B
• C
• D

Multiple Choice

What is the correct structure for BF₃?

• Option A.
• Option B. 
• Option C.
• Option D.

Multiple Choice

Which is the correct molecular structure for carbon dioxide?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an ionic bond?

• H₃N
• CaCl₂
• NO₂
• SCl

Multiple Choice

What do atoms that form positive ions tend to do?

• lose electrons

• gain electrons

• lose protons

• gain protons

Multiple Choice

Atoms that gain electrons become...

• negatively charged
• positively charged
• remain neutrally charged
• 21

Multiple Choice

If an oxygen atom has 8 protons (+) and 10 electrons (-), what is it's charge?

• O^10-
• O⁸⁺
• O^2-
• O¹⁰⁺

Multiple Choice

What is the correct Lewis Structure for the bond between Mg and Cl?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What is the correct Lewis Structure and chemical formula for an ionic bond between Aluminum and Oxygen?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What is the chemical formula for Sodium Chloride?

• NaCl

• Na2Cl

• NaCl2

• Na2Cl2

Multiple Choice

What is the chemical formula for water?

• H2O

• HO2

• OH2

• HHO

Multiple Choice

The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is

• CO2
• C2O

• (CO)2

• CO(II)

Multiple Choice

Al2O3 is

• Aluminum oxide

• Dialuminum trioxide

• Aluminum trioxide

• Aluminum (III) oxide

Multiple Choice

Cl₂

• Ionic Bond

• Covalent Bond

Multiple Choice

CaCl

• Ionic Bond

• Covalent Bond

Multiple Choice

NH₃

• Ionic Bond

• Covalent Bond

Multiple Choice

NaO

• Ionic Bond

• Covalent Bond

Multiple Choice

NaO

• Metal with Nonmetal

• Nonmetal with Nonmetal

Multiple Choice

This is a correct dot diagram for oxygen (O)

• true
• false

Multiple Choice

What is incorrect about the Lewis structure?

• too many valence e-
• too few valence e-
• paired e- with not all sides filled
• nothing

Multiple Choice

Which molecule would have this shape?

• BF₃
• CH₄
• PCl₅
• CO₂

Multiple Choice

What molecule could this be? 

• BF₃
• CH₄
• H₂O
• CO₂

Multiple Choice

This is a correct dot diagram for fluorine (F)

• true
• false

Multiple Choice

This is a correct dot diagram for nitrogen (N)

• true
• false

Multiple Choice

Which Lewis Dot Model drawing correctly shows an O₂ molecule?

Multiple Choice

Is this ionic bond drawn correctly?

• Yes
• No