Matter and Mixtures

Matter, Mixtures and Energy

This lesson will refresh your knowledge of matter, mixtures and energy.

Mixtures

Mixtures are made from substances that can be separated physically into their individual parts. Is it going to be easy - NO!

There are two (2) types of mixtures.

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous

Homogeneous

This is a mixture where all the parts that make up the mixture is evenly distributed throughout the mixture where no one part of the mixture can be seen from another.

Example: Water being mixed with lemonade. Once they are stirred together, you cannot tell the water from the lemonade.

Heterogeneous

Heterogenous mixture is where you can pick out one or more parts of the mixture. This type of mixture is easier to separate than the homogeneous mixture.

Example: Picking out the chocolate chips in a cookie, the ice cubes in a glass of water, the students in a classroom, the different automobiles on a car dealership lot.

Examples

Look at the picture and see the difference between homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures.

Matter

• Solid - strong atomic attraction, atoms fixed in position, definite shape and definite volume

• Liquid - semi- strong atomic attraction, atoms are able to move or flow around each other, takes shape of the container giving it no definite shape but it has a definite volume

• Gas - hardly any atomic attraction at all, atoms move randomly always changing direction and speed, invisible, and no definite shape or definite volume

Atomic Structure of All 3 States of Matter

Look at the pictures and see the difference in the atomic structure of the three states of matter.; solid, liquid, and gas. Notice the difference between atomic attraction of the three.

Changing States

of Matter

Matter will from one state to another by increasing or decreasing temperature. Look at the diagram and see how matter changes from one state to another.

Sublimation

Sublimation is the conversion between the solid and the gaseous phases of matter, with no intermediate liquid stage. Sublimation

Sublimation Examples

Dry Ice or solid carbon dioxide

Moth Balls

snow and ice changing into water vapor in the air without first melting into water

Energy

• Kinetic Energy (KE) = energy in motion

• Potential Energy (PE) = energy at rest. PE will increase the more distance there is between start and finish as seen in the example in the picture. If the weight was not lifted as high as in the picture the weight would not have the same potential energy that it has all the way at the top.

Kentic Energy

The kinetic energy (KE) of an object is the energy that it (the object) possesses (or has) due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate (speed up, slow down or change direction) a body of a given mass (the object) from rest to its stated velocity (speed). Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body (the object) maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes.

Potential Energy

The energy that is stored in a body (the object) due to its position relative to some zero position. An object possesses gravitational potential energy if it is positioned at a height above (or below) the zero height.

Look at the image and you will see where PE is at its greatest point and lowest point. You will also see that PE is converted to KE because the ball is moving to its lowest point and then the KE is converted back to PE as the ball goes to its heightest point.

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Completion Question

What is the last thing you read?