Muscles, Bones, and Joints

Joints and Articulations

Multiple Choice

Ways that articulations are classified

• Structurally
• Functionally
• Both Structurally & Functionally
• Neither

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What is a joint or articulation?

• The junction between two bones.

• A bone that sticks out.

• A point where calcium is stored and released.

• None of these answers is correct.

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Types of fibrous joints include  

• synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic 
• syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis 
• synchondrosis, symphysis, and synovial
• pivot, condylar, and ellipsoidal

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A fibrous joint in which an interosseous ligament binds bones is a  

• suture
• syndesmosis
• gomphosis
• symphysis

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A fibrous joint that is also known as a "peg in socket"

• suture

• syndesmosis

• gomphosis

• symphysis

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A fibrous joint between cranial bones

• suture

• syndesmosis

• gomphosis

• symphysis

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Synchondroses (along epiphyseal growth plate) and Symphyses (midline of hip bones) are examples of...

• fibrous joints
• cartilaginous joints
• synovial joints
• diarthroses

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Fluid-filled sacs containing synovial fluid are called  

• bursae
• menisci
• ligaments
• tendons

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Fibrocartilage discs that divide the joint into two compartments are called  

• menisci
• bursae
• tendons
• ligaments

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A synovial membrane  

• is very thick with many layers of cells
• secretes serous fluid
•  secretes mucus
• secretes synovial fluid

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slightly movable joint

• synarthrosis
• diarthrosis
• amphiarthrosis

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Immovable joint

• synarthrosis
• diarthrosis
• amphiarthrosis

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Freely movable joint

• diarthrosis
• amphiarthrosis
• synarthosis

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The elbows, knees and phalanges are examples of this type of joint

• ball and socket
• condyloid
• gliding
• hinge

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This type of joint allows the your first two vertebrate to rotate as in shaking your head no

• condyloid
• gliding
• pivot
• saddle

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Carpals and tarsals (flat bones) are examples of this type of joint

• condyloid
• gliding
• hinge
• saddle

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The joint that allows for a wider range of motion (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation).

• gliding

• saddle

• ball and socket

• fibrous

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The most movable joints in the body are:

• symphyses

• synovial joints

• syndesmoses

• gomphoses

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In terms of function, which is considered an immovable?

• a synarthrosis

• an amphiarthrosis

• a diathrosis

• all joints are movable

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In terms of structure, which type of articulation has a joint capsule?

• fibrous

• cartilaginous

• synovial

• amphiarthrotic

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Turning the foot so the plantar surfaces faces medially.

• plantar flexion
• eversion
• inversion
• dorsiflexion

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Moving a part so that its end follows a circular path (moving a finger in a circular motion without the the hand).

• circumduction
• rotation
• opposition
• retraction

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Movement away from the mid-line is called _____________.

• abduction
• adduction
• internal rotation
• external rotation

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Moving a part forward (thrusting the head forward).

• protraction
• retraction
• elevation
• supination

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Flexing your foot; toes towards the ceiling

• dorsiflexion
• plantar flexion
• opposition
• elevation

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Circular motions about a joint

• circumduction
• rotation
• opposition
• retraction

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Pointing your toe

• dorsiflexion
• plantar flexion
• flexion
• extension

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Straightening beyond the anatomical position

• extension
• hyperextension
• flexion
• hyperflexion

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Tissue that connects bone to bone

• Ligament
• Tendon
• Cartilage
• Muscle

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Rotation of the forearm until the palm faces anterioriorly is called _________.

• Supination
• external rotation
• plantar flexion
• pronation

Multiple Choice

Rotation of the forearm until the palm faces posteriorly is called __________.

• supination
• pronation
• flexion
• dorsiflexion

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Movement away from the mid-line is called _____________.

• abduction
• adduction
• internal rotation
• external rotation

Multiple Choice

The lateral motion TOWARDS the midline is called ______.

• adduction
• abduction
• internal rotation
• external rotation

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Which of the following best describes extension?

• The straightening of a joint where the angle of movement increases

• The bending of a joint where bones get closer together

• The rotation of a joint or spinning of one bone on another

• The lateral movement away from the midline

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Commonly known as a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs are attacked, joints become swollen, painful and immobile.

• Osteoarthritis
• Osteoporosis
• Gouty Arthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Deposits of uric acid in the joints which forms crystals in the joints. 

• Osteoarthritis
• Osteoporosis
• Gouty Arthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Wear and tear arthritis, most commonly associated with aging

• Gouty Arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatica
• Osteoporosis

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The partial displacement of a bone from its joint

• Fracture
• Sprain
• Sublaxation
• Dislocation

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The total displacement of a bone from its joint.

• Sublaxation
• Fracture
• Sprain
• Dislocation

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A stiffness of joints, especially in the elderly.

• Polymyslgia
• Synovitis
• Bursitis
• Arthrosclerosis

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An inflammation of the bursa around joint.

• Bursitis
• Arthrosclerosis
• Chondroma
• Synovitis

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Abnormal softening of the cartilage.

• Chondroma
• Chondromalacia
• Bursitis
• Sprain

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a slow growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells. 

• Chondroma
• Costochondritis
• Sprain
• Polymyalgia

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When a ligament that connects bones to a bone is wrenched or torn.

• Chondrom
• Hallux vagus
• Rheumatica
• Sprain