North South Agriculture

Sectionalism

Key Concepts

• Sectionalism - geography caused the country to develop differences; contributed to the Civil War

  • Northerners - built factories

  • Southerners - farmed

  • Westerners - mined

• Southern Economy - plantation system, slave labor, cotton produced and sent to the Northern factories

• Fugitive Slave Law - part of the Compromise of 1850; runaway slaves were to be captured and returned to the South

By the 1800s, the U.S. was divided into three sections: North, South and West. Each region's economy developed differently due to its geography. The North focused on industrialization. Factories were built along swift rivers that provided power to machines and produced goods to trade. There were plenty of jobs, so many immigrants came to the North. The South focused on agriculture. They had plantations and used slave labor to harvest cotton. Cotton grew well in the South due to the rich soil and climate. Cotton was used in northern mills. The West mined for gold and also farmed. Land was cheap, and there were many natural resources.

Many states in the South believed in states' rights. They felt that states, not the federal government, should make laws about tariffs and slavery. They argued the 10th amendment gave them this power.

Slavery divided the North and South. The North wanted to abolish slavery, and the South wanted to keep it. They argued about slavery often and created compromises to temporarily relieve sectional tensions. The Missouri Compromise kept the balance regarding the number of free and slave states.

The Compromise of 1850 made the North happy because California joined as a free state. The South was also happy because the Fugitive Slave Law allowed for the capture and return of escaped slaves.

The tension over slavery increased in the case Dred Scott v. Sandford when the Supreme Court ruled that slaves were property, not citizens, and had no rights.

The South was very angry when Abraham Lincoln became president in 1860 because he was against the spread of slavery. South Carolina and six other states seceded (left) and formed their own country called the Confederacy. In Lincoln's first inaugural address, he said the "Union was perpetual" (forever) and no states could legally secede. The start of the Civil War was close.

Categorize

Options (7)

industrialized

had factories

agricultural

grew cotton

slave labor

mining

also agricultural

Match the following

North

South

West

Match

Match the following

• slaves viewed as property - had no rights

• causes of the Civil War

• part of the Compromise of 1850, helped return escaped slaves

Dred Scott v. Sandford

sectionalism, states' rights, slavery

Fugitive Slave Law

• Dred Scott v. Sandford

• sectionalism, states' rights, slavery

• Fugitive Slave Law

Categorize

Options (12)

supported Dred Scott v. Sandford ruli

inexpensive land and natural resources

supported Fugitive Slave La

immigrants working in factories

supported states'

grew large amounts of cotton

ed cotton in textile mills

supported adding California to the U.S.

focused on agricult

opposed election of Lincoln

economy based on minin

supplied textile ills with cotto

Organize these options into the right categories

North

South

West

Multiple Choice

-California admitted to the Union as a free state

-Fugitive Slave Act passed in Congress

These headlines would have been seen following the --

• ruling of the Dred Scott case

• passage of the Compromise of 1850

• assembly of citizens at the Seneca Falls Convention

• Congressional approval of the Missouri Compromise

Multiple Choice

Why did the Northern economy develop so differently from the economies of the West and South?

• Northern Territories had poor soil and swift rivers.

• Northern territories had inexpensive lands and many slaves.

• Northern territories had large amounts of immigrants and rich soil.

• Northern territories had gold and flat, wide rivers.

Drag and Drop

The Underground Railroad was a direct violation of the ​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Fugitive Slave Act

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Embargo Act

Multiple Choice

-Missouri Compromise Line deemed as unconstitutional

-Slaves viewed as property and therefore have no rights

-Tensions increased between states in the North and South

The list highlights the impacts of the --

• Missouri Compromise

• Nullification Crisis

• election of Lincoln

• Dred Scott v. Sandford case

Drag and Drop

Northeast: economy = factories, influenced by ​

Placeholder

West: economy = mining and ​

Placeholder

, influenced by inexpensive land and mineral depositsSouth: economy = agriculture, influenced by growing season and warm climate

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

swift moving rivers

agriculture

year-round growing season

slave labor