Physical Science Review

5th Grade Science EOG Review

Monday, June 21st

What will be on the test?

• Forces and Motion

• Matter

• Thermal Energy

• Earth Systems, Structures, and Processes (Weather/Water Cycle)

• Ecosystems

• Human Body, Evolution and Genetics

Forces and Motion

• Force-any push or pull on an object. Example: You use force to push a ball and make it roll across the field.

• Motion-when an object is moving it is in motion.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a force?

• Kicking a soccer ball with your foot.

• Pulling a wagon to make it roll.

• Both are examples of a force.

Friction

Friction-a force that slows objects down, when two objects rub together. Example: When you hit the brakes in a car, the friction from the tire causes you to stop moving or slow down.

Inertia

When traveling in a train or any other vehicle, have you noticed how you continue to move forward when it stops. You just experienced INERTIA! Inertia is the tendency of a body to resist a change in motion or rest. When a vehicle stops, you tend to jerk forward before coming to a complete stop. In the same way, you will jerk backwards when the vehicle begins to move.

The phenomenon occurs because of Newton’s First Law of Motion: An object at rest (or motion ) will continue to be in the same state unless acted upon by an external force. Which means objects tend to “keep on doing what they’re doing,” unless disturbed.

Multiple Choice

Why does the seatbelt stop you from going into the windshield of your car?

• Inertia

• Velocity

• Condensation

Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

Newton's Second Law of Motion: when an unbalanced force acts on an object, the object's acceleration equals the force divided by the object's mass.

Acceleration Formula: acceleration = force / mass

Balanced Forces: forces that cancel each other out when acting together on a single object 

Unbalanced Forces:  forces that do not cancel each other out when acting together on a single object 

Action=Reaction

Newton's Third Law: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Water Cycle

• Evaporation-occurs when liquid water turns into a gas (water vapor)

• Condensation-occurs when water vapor cools and turns into a liquid

• Transpiration-evaporation of water out of the leaves of plants

• Precipitation-water that falls as rain, snow, sleet or hail

Weather

• Air Pressure-Weight of the Earth's atmosphere pressing down upon its surface (measured using a barometer)

• Anemometer-Device that measures wind speed

• Cold Front-Edge of a cool air mass; brings a line of showers or thunderstorms

• Warm Front-Edge of a warm air mass; brings heavy rain

• Jet Stream-Air current that affects weather in North America

• Gulf Stream-Warm water current that warms coastal weather

Ecosystems

• Terrestrial=Land based (grasslands, forests, etc.)

• Aquatic=Water based (ocean, lake, pond)

• Some aquatic ecosystems are made of saltwater and some are made of freshwater.

• You need to know the characteristics (plants, animals, climate, etc. of the different types of ecosystems)

Human Body

• Circulatory-cycles blood throughout the body to deliver oxygen to cells

• Respiratory-allows organisms to breathe (take in oxygen using lungs)

• Skeletal-provides structure and support

• Muscular-allows body to move using different muscles

• Digestive-breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, starts in the MOUTH

• Nervous-sends impulses (neurons) to other parts of the body telling them how to respond/react to different things.

Cells and Genetics

• Cell-makes up all living things (also known as the simplest unit of life)

• Unicellular-an organism that is made of only one cell

• Multicellular-an organism that is made of more than one cell

• Offspring-a child or new organism produced by the parent

• Inherited Trait-received from the parent or previous generation

• Acquired Trait-learned trait that you develop over time