Physics Final Exam

Physics Final Review

By Stacy King

Displacement

• direct distance between two points

• can be negative or positive

• total distance determines how far the object has traveled from its original location

• it is always less than the distance covered by an object under consideration

• it always happens in a specific direction

Multiple Choice

Scott drives a Jeep 12 km east, then 4 km north, then finally 3 km west. He traveled a total distance of:

• 5 km
• 10 km
• 13 km
• 19 km

Multiple Choice

A baseball player runs 27.4 meters from the batter's box to first base, overruns first base by 3.0 meters, and then returns to first base. What is the total Displacement?

• 27.4 m

• 30.4 m

• 25.4 m

• 3.0 m

Velocity

• vector (direction and magnitude)

• change in displacement (linear is also distance)/time

• m/s

• can be in the positive or negative direction

• or stated as directional N,E,S,W

Multiple Choice

Jose wandered 4 km at 2 km/hr. How long did Jose wander?

• 2 hours

• 8 hours

• 0.5 hours

• 2 km

Fill in the Blanks

What is the average velocity of a car that travels 30. kilometers due west in 0.50 hour? (Answer is in Km/s)

Fill in the Blanks

A plane travels at an average speed of 600 kilometers per hour. How long does it take the plane to travel 120 kilometers?

Multiple Choice

What is this graph representing?

• Constant Speed
• Acceleration (speeding up)
• Deceleration (slowing down)
• No motion

Formulas

Free Fall

• acceleration due to gravity

• 9.8m/s^2

• the rate of change as an objects velocity perpendicular to the ground

• initial velocity is usually zero unless otherwise stated

• air friction is negated (vacuum or no wind resistance)

Multiple Choice

A ball is thrown upward in the air with an initial velocity of 40 m/s. How long does it take to reach back to the point it was thrown from?

• 4 seconds 
• 2 seconds 
• 6 seconds 
• 8 seconds 

Kinetic

KE = 1/2mv​²

Potential ​

PE= mgh

Momentum ​

​p=m​v

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​Potential Kinetic and Momentum

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Fill in the Blanks

A 10.-kilogram object falls freely for a distance of 6.0 meters near Earth's surface. Which of the following is closest the total kinetic energy gained by the object as it falls?

Work= Force x displacement

W=Fd​

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Work

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Multiple Choice

The work done in raising an object must result in an increase in what type of energy that the object possesses?

• Potential

• Kinetic

• Electrical

• Chemical

Momentum and Impulse

• ​Inertia in motion

• p is the momentum

• p= mass x velocity ​

• ​p=mv

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​Momentum

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Multiple Choice

The definition of momentum is

• Mass in Motion
• The size of an object
• The velocity of an object
• A comparison between two objects

​Impulse is the change in momentum.

• ​j = impulse

• j= Force x ∆​ time

• j= ​mass x ∆velocity

  • F∆​t=m∆v

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​Impulse

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Multiple Choice

If the change of momentum of an object is 50kg m/s, we can say the impulse is equal to:

• 0 kg m/s

• 25 kg m/s

• 50 kg m/s

• 100 kg m/s

Fill in the Blanks

A bicycle and its rider have a combined mass of 80. kilograms and a speed of 6.0 meters per second. What is the magnitude of the average force needed to bring the bicycle and its rider to a stop in 4.0 seconds?

Momentum is conserved

• Perfectly ​Elastic

  • ​2 objects bounces off one another

• Perfectly inelastic

  • 2 objects stick together​

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​Collisions

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Multiple Choice

While playing pool, Emma notices that the pool balls bounce apart.  What type of collision is this?

• Elastic
• Inelastic
• Explosive
• Force

​m₁ = mass of object 1

v​₁ = velocity of object 1

m₂= mass of object 2

v₂= velocity of object 2​

​

m₁ ▲v₁ = -m₂ ▲v₂​

​Collisions

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Multiple Choice

A ball with a momentum of 4.0 m/s hits a wall and bounces straight back without losing any kinetic energy. What is the change in the ball's momentum?

• -8.0 m/s

• -4.0 m/s

• 0.0 m/s

• 8.0 m/s

Simple Harmonic Motion

Fill in the Blanks

A 3.0-kilogram steel block is at rest on a frictionless, horizontal surface. A 1.0-kilogram lump of clay is propelled horizontally at 6.0 meters per second toward the block, as shown in the diagram below. Upon collision, the clay and steel block stick together and move to the right. What is their speed?

​Kinetic- energy due to motion

Potential-​ energy that is stored

Total mechanical energy​- energy acquired by the objects upon which work is done

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​Energy and Oscillation Pendulum

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Multiple Choice

At what point in the swing of a pendulum is the bob moving fastest?

• at the top of the arc

• at the bottom of the arc

Multiple Choice

On the pendulum shown, where is the speed the greatest?

• A

• B

• C

• The speed is the same at all positions

KE = ​1/2 mv²

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KE increases as the object moves toward equilibrium ​

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Calculating Kinetic Energy Pendulum

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Multiple Choice

On the pendulum shown, where is the kinetic energy the greatest?

• A and D (highest positions)

• B

• C (lowest position)

• The kinetic energy is the same at all positions

PE= mgh​

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​Potential energy is greatest at maximum displacement

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Calculting Potential Energy​ Pendulum

Multiple Choice

On the pendulum shown, where is the potential energy the greatest?

• A and D (highest positions)

• B

• C (lowest position)

• The potential energy is the same at all positions

Waves

transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction perpendicular to the direction that the wave moves​

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Transverse Waves

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Multiple Choice

• Longitdinal Wave
• Transverse Wave

Transverse Wave Anatomy

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Multiple Choice

What property of this wave is represented by the letter "A"

• amplitude
• crest
• trough
• wavelength

longitudinal wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction parallel to the direction that the wave moves​

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Longitudinal wave

Multiple Choice

• Longitudinal Wave
• Transverse Wave

Longitudinal Wave Anatomy

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Multiple Choice

• A is compression
• A is the trough
• A is the rarefraction

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• ​ synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields.

Does not require a medium and can travel through space

• light

• microwaves

• ​radio

​Electromagnetic Waves

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Frequency is how many cycles are completed each second.

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Frequency f is measured in hertz, or Hz.​

​Frequency

​Write This Down

Multiple Choice

How often a wave occurs is the wave's

• frequency

• amplitude

• wavelength

• velocity

​​states that when a wave reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

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When a wave encounters an impassable ​barrier or obstacle

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​Law of Reflection

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Multiple Choice

What is reflection?

• Reflection is the bouncing  of light off the surface that it strikes on.
• Reflection is the absorbing of light off the surface that it strikes on.
• Reflection is the bending of light off the surface that it strikes on.
• Reflection is the scattering of light off the surface that it strikes on.

a change in direction of waves when they pass through different mediums

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Refraction

Multiple Choice

Why does the lower part of the child appear so much different in size from the upper part?

• The light rays that travel through water and then into air are refracted.
• The light rays that travel through water and then into air are enlarged.
• The light rays that travel through air and then into water are reflected.
• The light rays that travel through air and then into water are reduced.

Change in waves as they pass around a barrier or through ​an opening

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Diffraction

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Multiple Choice

Definition: The spreading out of waves as they pass through an opening or around objects.

• Reflection

• Refraction

• Diffraction

• Resonance

Resonance

when one object vibrating at the same natural frequency of a second object forces that second object into vibrational motion​

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​Forced Vibration

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Multiple Choice

Definition: When one object vibrating at the same natural frequency of a second object forces that second object into vibrational motion.

• Reflection

• Refraction

• Diffraction

• Resonance

interference that occurs at any location along the medium where the two interfering waves have a displacement in the same direction​

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Constructive

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Multiple Choice

The two blue and purple waves will undergo _________________ when they meet.

• Constructive interference

• Destructive interference

interference that occurs at any location along the medium where the two interfering waves have a displacement in the opposite direction​

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Destructive

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Multiple Choice

The image of the two waves depicts

• Constructive interference

• Destructive interference

Constructive

displacement + displacement ​

Destructive

​Displacement - Displacement

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Principal of Superposition

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Light

​Normal: an imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the reflecting surface where the light ray strikes it.

Angle of incidence: the angle between the incident ray and the normal, θi.

Angle of reflection: the angle between the reflected ray and the normal θr.

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Law of Reflection​

Multiple Choice

This diagram best represents

• reflection

• refraction

• absorption

• dispersion

• ​reflection= mirrors

• refraction= ​lenses

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some devices use both reflection and refraction ​such as prisms

​Optic devices

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Multiple Choice

When light hits something like a raindrop or a prism, it will...

• Be absorbed
• Refract, or bend
• Neither 

Types of Lenses

• Concave

  • thinner in the middle​

  • divergent refraction

• Convex

  • thicker in the middle​

  • convergent refraction

Multiple Choice

which type of lens

• opaque

• convex

• concave

• plano

Image Formation

​

• ​Location of image

• ​Orientation

  • upright or upside down​

• Size

  • larger or smaller​

• Type​

  • real ​

Multiple Choice

which type of lens

• concave

• convex

• opaque

• plano

Convex Image Formation

​

• ​L

  • in front of focal point

• ​O

  • upright​

• Size

  • larger

• Type​

  • imaginary

Multiple Choice

When an object is placed between the focal point and the optical centre of the convex lens, the image produced is ___.

• real, diminished, and inverted

• real, enlarged, and inverted

• virtual, enlarged, and erect

• virtual, diminished and erect

Convex Image Formation

​

• ​L

  • behind the focal point

• ​O

  • upside down

• Size

  • smaller

• Type​

  • real

Multiple Choice

This image is.....

• inverted and smaller

• inverted and larger

• not inverted and smaller

• not inverted and larger

Convex Image Formation

​

• ​L

  • at focal point

No IMAGE

Multiple Choice

When an object is placed on the focal point in front of a convex lens, the image produced is ___.

• real, reduced, and inverted
• real, enlarged, and inverted
• real, true, and inverted
• There is no image

Concave Image Formation

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​Always

• upright

• smaller

• virtual ​

Multiple Choice

What type of image does this lens form?

• Virtual image
• Real Image
• No Image

Multiple Choice

An object is located 35.0 cm from a converging lens. The lens forms a real image at a distance of 15.0 cm. What is the focal length?

• 0.0953 cm

• 10.5 cm

• 26.2 cm

• 0.0678 cm

Electricity and Magnetism

​I= current= Amperes

V= voltage = volts

R= resistance = ohm's

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V=IR ​

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​Ohm's Law

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Multiple Choice

What voltage is needed to cause a 50A current flow through a 10Ω resistor?

• 15V
• 500V
• 500 kV
• 0.2V

​Series

• R total= R₁ + R₂ +R₃...

• I (current) is always constant

Parallel

• 1/R total= 1/R₁ +1/R₂ + 1/R₃...

• Voltage is always constant​

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​Cuircuits

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Multiple Choice

One light bulb in the kitchen burns out and suddenly several lights go out in the house. This would provide evidence that the bulbs were wired in _____________________.

• Series

• Parallel

• Tangent

• Askew

Multiple Choice

What is the total resistance (RT) across this circuit?

• 3 kΩ

• 10 kΩ

• 13 kΩ

• 18 kΩ

Multiple Choice

The total resistance of this circuit is 

• 25.7 ohms
• 315 ohms
• 324 ohms
• 90 ohms

Fill in the Blanks

In a simple electric circuit, a 24-ohm resistor is connected across a 6.0-volt battery. What is the current in the circuit?

the rate at which energy is absorbed or produced within a circuit.

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P = power = Watts​

​Power​

Fill in the Blanks

Calculate the Power if the current is 2 amps. (V=IR) (P=IV)

Moving electric charges due to orientation of charges (domains)

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The Earth's (metal) core creates a natural ​protective magnetic field

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​Magnetic Fields​

Multiple Choice

The area of magnetic force around a magnet is known as its _____________.

• magnetic field

• magnetic declination

• magnetic fan lines

• magnetic tan lines

Multiple Choice

Dylan puts two magnetic toy trains very close to each other on a track. What will happen next, and why?

• The trains will not move because the magnets are not touching.

• The trains will move closer to each other because the magnetic force will pull the trains together.

• The trains will move away from each other because the magnetic force will push the trains apart.

• The trains will move away from each other because the magnets are not touching.