Protein Synthesis Lesson

Protein Synthesis

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The Central Dogma

• DNA to RNA to Protein

• DNA to mRNA

• mRNA read by rRNA

• tRNA bring amino acids

• Amino acids bind making proteins

Multiple Choice

What is the central dogma?

• DNA to RNA to Amino Acid

• DNA to RNA to Protein

• RNA to DNA to Protein

• RNA to DNA to Amino Acid

Multiple Choice

What binds together to create proteins?

• Sugars

• Nucleotides

• Lipids

• Amino Acids

Protein Synthesis:2 Main Phases

1. Transcription

▪DNA 🡪 mRNA

▪Occurs in nucleus

2. Translation

▪mRNA 🡪 Proteins

▪Occurs in the cytoplasm (ribosome)

Transcription

• Occurs in Nucleus

• mRNA produced from DNA

• mRNA leaves to cytoplasm

mRNA

• Messenger RNA

• made from DNA

• made in nucleus, flows to cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

What is produced by transcription?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

• DNA

Multiple Choice

Determine the RNA sequence that compliments the DNA stranded:

TACGGT

• TACGGT

• AUGCCA

• ATGCCA

• UACGGU

rRNA

• Ribosomal RNA

• In cytoplasm

• Reads mRNA (codons)

Multiple Choice

How does rRNA read the mRNA strand?

• In single nucleotides

• In codons

• All at once

tRNA

• Transfer RNA

• In cytoplasm

• Brings amino acids to rRNA

Multiple Choice

What is the three-base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?

• Anticodon

• Codon

• Protein

Multiple Choice

What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?

• Phenylalanine

• Tyrosine

• Leucine

• Stop codon

Multiple Choice

The RNA codon AUG means

• add amino acid methionine

• start the protein here

• add the amino acid tyrosine

• end the polypeptide chain here

Multiple Choice

Use the CODON CHART to answer the following question.

CCG UUG ACC GCG

What is the sequence of amino acids that will be translated from the mRNA above?

• proline - threonine - alanine - luecine

• proline - leucine - threonine - alanine

• proline - phenylalanine - tyrosine - arginine

• arginine - leucine - threoinine - alanine