Rock Cycle and Minerals Lesson

Rocks & Rock Cycle Notes

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

How does the rock cycle describe
the relationship between the
processes and forces that create
igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rocks?

Rocks Defined

■ A rock is a mixture of such minerals, rock fragments,

volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials.

■ Most rock used for building stone contains one or more

common minerals, called rock-forming minerals, such as
quartz, feldspar, mica, or calcite

■ When you look closely, the sparkles you see are

individual crystals of minerals.

THE ROCK CYCLE
There are 3 major classifications of rocks -

igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary.

Each type of rock is formed differently and

can change from one type to another over
time. The process of rock changing from
one form to another is known as the rock
cycle.

Igneous Rock

• Igneous rocks form

when molten rock
cools and solidifies.
Molten rock is called
magma when it is
below the Earth’s
surface and lava
when it is above.

Igneous Rock

• Igneous rocks are classified two different

ways:

– Where they were formed
– What they are made from (mineral

composition)

Intrusive Igneous Rock - formed from cooled
magma

Extrusive Igneous Rock -formed from cooled lava.

Multiple Choice

Where is lava located?

• above ground

• below ground

• in the core

• in the mantle

Multiple Choice

Where is magma located?

• above ground

• below ground

• in the stratosphere

• in the thermosphere

Multiple Choice

This rock was found near the mouth of a volcano. What type of rock is this?

• Sedimentary
• Igneous
• Metamorphic

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are associated with volcanoes?

• Sediments and soil
• Crystals and sand
• Magma and lava
• Mica and granite

Multiple Choice

This rock was formed when molten rock cooled into a solid. What type of rock is it?

• Igneous Rock

• Metamorphic Rock

• Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary Rock

■ Sedimentary rockforms when sediments are pressed and

cemented together, or when minerals form from solutions.

■ Sedimentary rocks often form as layers.

■ The older layers are on the bottom because they were deposited

first.

■ 3 types of sedimentary rock

*Detrital (clastic)

*Chemical

*Organic

Sedimentary Rock

■ Detrital sedimentary rocks - made from the broken fragments of

other rock.

■ Chemical sedimentary rocks - form when dissolved minerals come

out of solution. Chemical sedimentary rocks are not made from
pieces of preexisting rocks.

■ Organic sedimentary rocks -rocks made of the remains of

once-living things

Sedimentary Rock Formation

• Form from particles of rock and the remains of plants & animals
• Formation process: Weathering & Erosion / Deposition /

Compaction / Cementation

• Fossils are found in this type of rock
• 3 types based on their composition

– clastic
– Organic
– Chemical

Multiple Choice

Sedimentary rocks form from the _________________ and _______________________ of sediments

• cooling and crystallizing

• compaction and cementation

• heating and pressure

Multiple Choice

Sedimentary rocks are

• formed form already existing rocks that are weathered,

  eroded, compacted and cemented together

• cooled on the surface of the Earth from lava

• formed below Earth's surface as magma

• formed from great heat and pressure

Multiple Choice

This process "glues" the particles of sediment together:

• cementation

• compaction

• calcification

• weathering

Multiple Choice

Sedimentary rocks are often formed in layers

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Formed by compacting & cementing of sediments

• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic
• Extrusive Igneous
• Intrusive Igneous

Multiple Choice

This rock formed when bits of other rocks became pressed into a solid. What type of rock is it?

• Sedimentary Rock
• Metamorphic Rock
• Igneous Rock

Multiple Choice

A rock formed from fragments of other rocks is a(n)

• Metamorphic Rock
• Sedimentary Rock
• Extrusive Rock
• Igneous Rock

Multiple Choice

The top layer of sediments in a sedimentary rocks is...

• The newest and youngest layer.
• The oldest layer.
• The only layer that is made from pebbles.
• The second layer of sediments.

Metamorphic Rock

■ The term "metamorphic" means "to change form."

■ Any rock (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) can

become a metamorphic rock. If rocks are buried deep in
the Earth at high temperatures and pressures, they form
metamorphic rock.

■ Two types of metamorphic rock

Foliated
Non Foliated

Metamorphic Rock

■ The term "metamorphic" means "to change form."

■ Any rock (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) can

become a metamorphic rock. If rocks are buried deep in
the Earth at high temperatures and pressures, they form
metamorphic rock.

■ Two types of metamorphic rock

Foliated
Non Foliated

Metamorphic Rocks

■
FOLIATED metamorphic
rocks are those in which the
minerals have been
flattened and pushed down
into parallel layers. The
bands in foliated
metamorphic rock look like
pages in a book.

■
Examples of foliated rocks
are slate, shale, and gneiss.

Multiple Choice

Formed by heat and pressure

• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic
• Extrusive Igneous
• Intrusive Igneous

Multiple Choice

A rock deep within the Earth experiences extreme temperature and pressure. After a long period of time it becomes which rock?

• Magma

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

Multiple Choice

Rocks and sediment change as they move through the rock cycle. Which change involves turning into melting?

• Lava to rock

• magma to lava

• rock to magma

• rock to sediment

ROCKS & THE ROCK CYCLE

Igneous rock - formed by heating & cooling of magma / lava

Sedimentary Rock - rock exposed at the surface becomes weathered /

eroded / broken into sediments, pieces of other rock, or organic
remains.

Metamorphic Rock - buried & melted / subjected to intense heat &

pressure

What do we know about

The Rock Cycle?

• Continuous process
• Caused by forces
• Constructive and Destructive
• Location

– Inside the Earth
– At the surface

Open Ended

Lesson Exit Ticket - Tell me one thing that stood out to you from today's lesson.

The Rock Cycle