Rock Types and Processes of Formation

The Rock Cycle and Sedimentary Rock Process

​3 Types of Rocks

1. ​​Metamorphic

2. Igneous

3. Sedimentary

​METAMORPHIC ROCK

• Metamorphic rock- rocks that have changed due to intense pressure and heat.​

​Types of Metamorphic Rock

• ​Slate

• ​Marble

• ​Quartz

​Physical Characteristics

​Smooth, have lines, or crystals

​IGNEOUS ROCK

Igneous rock- rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma.

Types of Igneous Rock

• Basalt (lava rock)

• Obsidian

• Pumice

Physical Characteristics​

​air pockets, course, and glassy

​

​Sedimentary Rock

​Sedimentary rock- formed by the layers of sediment deposited from weathering and erosion.

​Types of Sedimentary Rock

• ​Sandstone

• ​Mudstone

• ​Limestone

• ​Coal

Multiple Choice

What are the 3 main types of rocks?

• metamorphic, sedimentary, lava

• metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary

• metamorphic, magma, sedimentary

Multiple Choice

Rock made of layers of compressed sediments

• metamorphic rock

• igneous rock

• sedimentary rock

• school house rock

​Sedimentary Rock Process- 

1. ​Weathering- the rock breaks down

2. ​Erosion- the sediment gets moved by wind and water

3. ​Deposition- the sediment gets deposited.

4. ​Compaction- the sediment gets pressed together.

5. ​Cementation- sediment gets stuck together from the process.

Multiple Choice

The breakdown of rock into smaller particles from the effects of wind, water and ice

• erosion

• cementation 

• pressure

• weathering

Multiple Choice

Wind, water, ice and gravity carry sediments away

• weathering

• deposition

• erosion

• cementation

Multiple Choice

Sediment that is left behind in rivers lakes and oceans

• weathering

• erosion

• cementation

• deposition

Multiple Choice

The process of layers become stuck together forming sedimentary rocks

• sticking

• pressuring

• cementation

• deposition

Multiple Choice

At the deposition step, is there a rock formed?

• yes

• no

Multiple Choice

Putting pressure on sediments underground is called . . . 

• cementation

• compaction

• weathering

• erosion

Multiple Choice

When sediments stick together its called . . . 

• cementation

• compaction

• deposition

• erosion

Multiple Choice

What are the 3 main types of rocks?

• metamorphic, sedimentary, lava

• metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary

• metamorphic, magma, sedimentary

Multiple Choice

How long does it take a complete sedimentary rock to form?

• millions of years

• thousands of years

Multiple Choice

What type of rock is formed due to pressure and heat within the earth?

• igneous

• sedimentary

• metamorphic

Multiple Choice

What type of rock is formed when magma from a volcano cools and hardens on the earth's surface?

• sedimentary

• metamorphic

• igneous

• lava

Multiple Choice

Which type of rock is formed when smaller parts of older rocks become cemented together?

• igneous

• sedimentary

• pebbles

• metamorphic

Multiple Choice

_________________ is the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces of rock.

• erosion

• weathering 

• deposition

Multiple Choice

What is the molten rock that rises and explodes from within a volcano?

• igneous rocks

• sediments

• magma

• steam

Multiple Choice

The ___________   _______________ is the process of one type of rock transforming into a different type of rock.

• Weathering

• Erosion

• The Rock Cycle