Earth Science

The slides below reviews all the standards of Earth-Space Science from 6th -8th grade. Videos are included to help you review each concept.

​

SSA Earth Science Review

SC.8.E.5.3: Students will distinguish the hierarchical relationships between planets and other astronomical bodies relative to solar system, galaxy, and universe, including distance, size, and composition.

​

Hierarchical Relationships in Space

Reorder

Reorder the following to form the hierarchy of the universe from biggest to smallest.

• universe

• galaxy

• solar system

• planet

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

SC.8.E.5.1: Students will recognize that there are enormous distances between objects in space and apply our knowledge of light and space travel to understand this distance.

​

Distances in Space

Multiple Choice

What is an astronomical unit (A.U.)?

• the time it takes light to travel one year

• the distance between the Earth and the Moon

• the distance between the Earth and the Sun

• the distance between the Earth and the Neptune

Multiple Choice

What is the name given to the distance that light can travel in one year that is used to measure distances in the universe?

• Revolutions

• Mile- year

• Light-year

• Miles

Multiple Choice

Which of the following scenarios would be appropriate to use light years?

• From the sun to Earth

• from Earth to Neptune

• from the Milky Way to its closest galaxy

• Asteroid Belt to the Kuiper Belt

Multiple Choice

What do we use astronomical units to measure?

• distances in our solar system
  
• How far our solar system is from others in our galaxy.
  
• The distances between galaxies. 
  
• The distance from one side of the universe to the other. 

SC.8.E.5.5 : Students will describe and classify physical properties of stars: apparent magnitude, temperature (color), size, and absolute brightness

​

Characteristics of Stars

Multiple Choice

In comparison to other stars in the sky, the Sun appears brighter because it is–

• Bigger

• Smaller

• Nearer

• Further

Multiple Choice

Which property of a star is the brightness of a star at a standard distance?

• Apparent (magnitude) brightness
• Absolute (magnitude) brightness
• Luminosity
• Size of the star

Multiple Choice

A very bright star can seem to be dimmer because it is 

• further away
• cooler in temperature
• very close
• batteries are dying

Multiple Choice

The brightness of a star as seen from Earth is its 

• apparent brightness.
• absolute brightness.
• parallax.
• reflective brightness.

Multiple Choice

The luminosity of a star describes its ______________.

• brightness

• temperature

• age

• color

Multiple Choice

The chart below displays the names of different stars and their colors. Which of the groups below best orders the stars from hottest to coolest?

• A. Antares, Spica, Sun, Aldebaran

• B. Sun, Spica, Antares, Aldebaran

• C. Spica, Sun, Aldebaran, Antares

• D. Antares, Aldebaran, Sun, Spica

Multiple Choice

Stars that are very bright, large & burn at the highest temperature

• Blue Giant stars

• Red Giant

• White dwarves

• Proton stars

Multiple Choice

Which star is the coldest?

• Yellow Star

• Red Star

• Orange Star

• Blue Star

Multiple Choice

Which star has the lowest temperature?

• A
• B
• C
• D

SC.8.E.5.7 : Students will compare and contrast the characteristics of objects in the Solar System

​

Characteristics of objects in the solar system

Multiple Choice

Planet P is also known as the greenhouse planet. It rotates from east to west. Which of the following is Planet P?

• Mercury

• Venus

• Saturn

• Mars

Multiple Choice

____________ does not have atmosphere.

• Mercury

• Saturn

• Jupiter

• Mars

Multiple Choice

Which planet is the hottest in the Solar System?

• Mercury

• Venus

• Mars

• Neptune

Multiple Choice

Which planet is the coldest?

• Mercury

• Earth

• Jupiter

• Neptune

Multiple Choice

Which planet has the strongest gravitational force?

• Mercury

• Mars

• Saturn

• Jupiter

Multiple Choice

Which planet is closest to the sun?

• Uranus
• Mercury
• Neptune
• Earth

Multiple Choice

Fastest orbiting planet, it does not have an atmosphere.

• Mercury

• Venus

• Earth

• Mars

SC.8.E.5.4: Students will identify and explain the role that gravity plays in the formation and motion of planets, stars, and solar systems.

​

Gravity and the Solar System

Multiple Choice

The closer two objects are, the less gravitational pull they will have toward each other.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The gravitational force between 2 objects increases when their distances do what?

• Increase

  (get farther apart)

• Decrease

  (get closer together)

• Distance has no impact on gravity

Multiple Choice

Gravitational attraction between objects is greatest when their masses are....

• Large

• Small

• Mass has no impact on gravity

Multiple Choice

Gravitational attraction between objects is greatest when their distances are....

• Close

• Far

• Distance has no impact on Gravity

​SC.8.E.5.8: Students will compare and contrast various historical models of the Solar System.

Geocentric vs Heliocentric Models of the Solar system

Multiple Choice

What model is where the earth is in the middle of our universe?

• Heliocentric Model
• Geocentric Model
• Moon phases
• Tidal Phases

Multiple Choice

What model does this represent?

• Geocentric 
• Heliocentric 

Multiple Choice

What is at the middle of a Heliocentric system?

• Mars

• Moon

• Sun

• Earth

Multiple Choice

What is at the middle of a Geocentric system?

• Sun

• Neptune

• Earth

• The Universe

Multiple Choice

What does the Geocentric system look like?

Multiple Choice

What does the Heliocentric system look like?

SC.8.E.5.9 : Students will explain the impact of objects in space on each other, including: 1. the Sun on the Earth, including seasons and gravitational attraction; 2. the Moon on the Earth, including phases, tides, and eclipses, and the relative position on each body.

Revolution vs Rotation

SC.8.E.5.9 : Students will explain the impact of objects in space on each other, including: 1. the Sun on the Earth, including seasons and gravitational attraction; 2. the Moon on the Earth, including phases, tides, and eclipses, and the relative position on each body.

Seasons

Multiple Choice

What are the reasons for the season?

• Earth's tilt & rotation
• Earth's tilt & revolution
• Earth's rotation & rovolution
• Earth's tilt & resolution

Multiple Choice

In what position will it be winter in the southern hemisphere

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

At what position will it be summer in the Southern hemisphere.

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

At what position will it be spring in the southern hemisphere

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

At what position will it be fall in the souther hemisphere

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

SC.8.E.5.9 : Students will explain the impact of objects in space on each other, including: 1. the Sun on the Earth, including seasons and gravitational attraction; 2. the Moon on the Earth, including phases, tides, and eclipses, and the relative position on each body.

Eclipses

Multiple Choice

What type of eclipse is this?

• Solar eclipse
• Lunar eclipse

Multiple Choice

What type of eclipse is this?

• Solar Eclipse
• Lunar Eclipse

Multiple Choice

What type of eclipse occurs when the moon blocks the sun's light and cast a shadow on earth?

• solar
• lunar

Multiple Choice

What type of eclipse occurs when the earth's shadow is cast on a full moon?

• solar
• lunar

Multiple Choice

What moon phase occurs during a solar eclipse?

• Full moon
• new moon
• 1st quarter
• waxing gibbous

Multiple Choice

What moon phase occurs during a lunar eclipse?

• full moon
• new moon
• 3rd quarter
• waxing crescent

SC.8.E.5.9 : Students will explain the impact of objects in space on each other, including: 1. the Sun on the Earth, including seasons and gravitational attraction; 2. the Moon on the Earth, including phases, tides, and eclipses, and the relative position on each body.

Moon Phases

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• First Quarter
• Last Quarter
• New Moon
• Full Moon

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• waning crescent
• first quarter
• waning gibbous
• waxing gibbous

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• First Quarter
• Last Quarter
• New Moon
• Full Moon

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• Waning Crescent
• Last Quarter or (third quarter)
• New Moon
• Full Moon

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• First Quarter
• Last Quarter
• New Moon
• Full Moon

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• waning crescent
• waxing crescent
• waning gibbous
• waxing gibbous

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• waning crescent
• waxing crescent
• waning gibbous
• waxing gibbous

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• First Quarter
• Waxing Crescent
• New Moon
• Full Moon

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• waning crescent
• waxing crescent
• waning gibbous
• waxing gibbous

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• waning crescent
• waxing crescent
• waning gibbous
• waxing gibbous

SC.8.E.5.9 : Students will explain the impact of objects in space on each other, including: 1. the Sun on the Earth, including seasons and gravitational attraction; 2. the Moon on the Earth, including phases, tides, and eclipses, and the relative position on each body.

Tides

Multiple Choice

What is a high tide?

• Sea pulled TOWARD the moon where Earth is CLOSEST to the moon

• Sea pulled AWAY from the moon where Earth is FARTHEST to the moon

• Sea pulled AWAY from the moon where Earth is CLOSEST to the moon

Multiple Choice

Which body has the greater effect on Earth's tides?

• Sun
• Saturn
• Moon 
• Venus

Multiple Choice

Wha type of tide would this arrangement of earth-moon-sun create?

• full moon tide

• new moon tide

• neap tide

• spring tide

Multiple Choice

What type of tides would this arrangement of earth-moon-sun create?

• neap tide
• spring tide
• new moon tide
• full moon tide

Multiple Choice

What causes tides?

• gravity
• wind
• spring
• neap

Multiple Choice

The Moon has a greater influence on Earth tides than the Sun because...

• it is smaller than the Sun
• it revolves around the Earth
• it is closer to the Earth

Multiple Choice

The bulge of water on the side of the Earth closest to the moon produces ___________.

• high tide
• low tide
• neap tide
• spring tide

Multiple Choice

What is a difference between spring and neap tides?

• Spring tides occur when the earth and sun are IN LINE with the new or full moon. 
• Spring tides occur when moon in 3rd or 1st quarter phases
• Spring tides are LOWER than neap tides
• Spring tides occur in Spring and neap tides can occur in any season

SC.6.E.6.1: Students will describe and explain how Earth’s surface is built up and torn down through the processes of physical and chemical weathering, erosion, and deposition.

Weathering and Erosion

SC.6.E.6.2: Students will identify different types of landforms commonly found on Earth. Students will describe similarities and differences among landforms found in Florida and those found outside of Florida.

Landforms/Florida Landforms

SC.7.E.6.2: Students will identify and describe steps of the rock cycle and relate them to surface and sub-surface events.

Rock Cycle

Multiple Choice

Weathering is

• the movement of rocks

• the breaking down of rocks

• the falling of rocks

Multiple Choice

Erosion is

• the falling of mud

• the breaking down of rocks

• the movement of rocks and soil

Multiple Choice

Deforestation of areas considered to be rich sources of genetic material could limit future agricultural and medical advances due to

• the maintenance of dynamic equilibrium 
• the loss of biodiversity 
• an increase in the ecosystem’s carrying capacity
• the depletion of the ozone layer

Multiple Choice

Human activities that degrade ecosystems result in a loss of diversity of the living and nonliving environment.  Two ways in which humans frequently harm ecosystems and affect other organisms is through land use and pollution.

How does land use cause a reduction in biodiversity? 

• It decreases the space and resources available to certain species
• It causes herbivores to become carnivorous
• It provides a more hospitable living environment
• It causes all the natural Earth cycles to stop

Multiple Choice

Humans often change ecosystems as a result of population growth, consumption, and technology. Which of the following exemplifies a way in which humans modify ecosystems? 

• factory and automotive emissions causing acid rain 
• redirecting and storing freshwater behind dams 
• cutting down trees to build new buildings and roads 
• all of these

Multiple Choice

Which type of rock results from melting and cooling of magma?

• Igneous
• Metamorphic
• Sedimentary
• Extrusive

Multiple Choice

Which type of rock forms from extreme heat and pressure?

• Igneous
• Sedimentary
• Organic
• Metamorphic

Multiple Choice

A metamorphic rock changes into an igneous rock by what two processes?

• Melting and cooling
• Extreme heat and pressure
• Compaction and cementation
• Weathering and erosion

Multiple Choice

The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediment together.

• compaction
• deposition
• organic rock
• cementation

Multiple Choice

When sediments are pressed together tightly, this is called ____________.

• Compaction
• Cementation
• Weathering
• Erosion

Multiple Choice

What are the 3 major types of rocks?

• Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
• Metamorphic, Igneous, Cementation
• Brown, Red, Gray
• Streak, Hardness, Breakage

Multiple Choice

Which rock is formed form the cooling of volcanic ash on Earth's surface?

• intrusive igneous

• foliated metamorphic

• extrusive igneous

• organic sedimentary

Multiple Choice

According to the diagram, what process is shown by letter A?

• extrusion

• erosion

• crystallization

• intrusion

Multiple Choice

According to the diagram, what process is shown by letter B?

• compaction & cementation

• weather & erosion

• heat & pressure

• melting

Multiple Choice

LABEL THE TYPE OF ROCK MARKED BY THE RED X IN THE DIAGRAM

• sedimentary

• igneous intrusive

• metamorphic

• igneous extrusive

Multiple Choice

LABEL THE TYPE OF ROCK MARKED BY THE RED X IN THE DIAGRAM

• sedimentary

• igneous intrusive

• metamorphic

• igneous extrusive

Multiple Choice

LABEL THE TYPE OF ROCK MARKED BY THE RED X IN THE DIAGRAM

• sedimentary

• igneous intrusive

• metamorphic

• igneous extrusive

Multiple Choice

LABEL THE TYPE OF ROCK MARKED BY THE RED X IN THE DIAGRAM

• sedimentary

• igneous intrusive

• metamorphic

• igneous extrusive

SC.7.E.6.1: Students will identify and/or describe the layers of Earth

Layers of the Earth

SC.7.E.6.5 : Students will describe the scientific theory of plate tectonics and how the movement of Earth’s crustal plates and the flow of heat and material cause various geologic events to occur.

Plate Tectomics

Multiple Choice

What type of plate boundary is this?

• Transform
• Convergent
• Divergent
• Plate

Multiple Choice

• Convergent

• Divergent

• Transform

Multiple Choice

• Convergent

• Divergent

• Transform

Multiple Choice

• Convergent

• Divergent

• Transform

Match

Match the plate boundary to its definition.

• Plates spread apart

• Plates come together

• Plates rub against each other

Divergent

Convergent

Transform

• Divergent

• Convergent

• Transform

Multiple Choice

What geologic feature/event you be most likely to find at a transform boundary?

• Earthquakes
• Volcanoes
• Mountains
• Rift Valleys

Multiple Choice

What geologic feature/event would you most likely to find at a divergent boundary between two pieces of oceanic crust?

• Rift Valley
• Mid-Ocean Ridge
• Island Arc
• Flat land

Multiple Choice

What geologic feature/event would you most likely to find at a divergent boundary between two pieces of continental crust?

• Mid-Ocean Ridge
• Mountain
• Rift Valley
• Island Arc

Multiple Choice

What geologic feature/event would you most likely to find at a convergent boundary between two pieces of continental crust?

• Volcano
• Mountain
• Rift
• Island Arc

Multiple Choice

Mountains form from ...

• plates sliding past one another
• collision of plates
• plates moving away from each other

Multiple Choice

The area where two or more plates meet is called a __________________.

• fault
• plate boundary
• plate edge
• ring of fire

Multiple Choice

___________, meaning "all land," is the name of the great landmass that existed millions of years ago.

• lithosphere

• Pangaea

• subduction zone

• tectonic

• Wegener

Multiple Choice

What occurs between two oceanic plates at a divergent boundary?

• rift valley

• sea floor spreading

• volcanic mountain range

SC.7.E.6.4: Students will explain and give examples of how physical evidence supports scientific theories that Earth has evolved over geologic time due to natural processes.

Relative vs Absolute Dating

SC.7.E.6.4: Students will explain and give examples of how physical evidence supports scientific theories that Earth has evolved over geologic time due to natural processes.

Relative vs Absolute Dating

SC.7.E.6.3: Students will identify current methods for measuring the age of Earth and its parts, including the law of superposition and radioactive dating. 

Law of Superposition

Multiple Choice

Which of the following orders the rock layers accurately from oldest to youngest?

• 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

• 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

• 2, 3, 4, 5, 1

• 1, 2, 3, 5, 4

Multiple Choice

According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 

• At the top of the rock layers
• Near the bottom of the rock layers
• In the middle of the rock layers
• Somewhat near the surface

Multiple Choice

_{Which rock layer in the diagram seems to be the oldest?}

• F
• E
• B
• A

Multiple Choice

According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?

• A
• B
• C

Multiple Choice

Which of the following offers a possible list of the layers in order from oldest to youngest?

• A, B, C, D, E

• E, C, B, D, A

• E, D, C, B, A

• C, B, A, D, E

Multiple Choice

Put the layers in order from oldest to youngest.

• a, b, c, d, e
• b, c, d, a, e
• b, c, d, e, a 
• e, d, c, b, a

Multiple Choice

How does absolute age differ from relative age?

• only absolute dating indicates which rock is older than another
• only absolute dating finds the age in years
• only relative dating finds the age in years

SC.6.E.7.4: Students will differentiate and explain interactions among the geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.

Earth Spheres

Multiple Choice

This sphere is composed of all the living things 

• Hydrosphere 
• Biosphere 
• Atmosphere 
• Geosphere 

Multiple Choice

Composed of all the water on or near the earth

• Hydrosphere 
• Biosphere 
• Atmosphere 
• Geosphere 

Multiple Choice

This sphere includes the continents, the ocean floor, all the rocks on the surface, and all of the sand in the deserts. 

• Hydrosphere 
• Biosphere 
• Atmosphere 
• Geosphere 

Multiple Choice

Body of air surrounding our planet. 

• Hydrosphere 
• Biosphere 
• Atmosphere 
• Geosphere 

Multiple Choice

When living things breathe, they interact with which of Earth's spheres? 

• Geosphere 
• Hydrosphere 
• Atmosphere 
• Biosphere 

Multiple Choice

Air temperature impacts the evaporation of lakes and streams are interactions between the...

• Atmosphere and hydrosphere

• Hydrosphere and biosphere

• Biosphere and atmosphere

• Cryosphere and geosphere

Multiple Choice

When plants and animals decompose they release nitrogen, the nitrogen then returns to the soil and helps future plants grow. This interaction between the decomposing plants/animals and the soil is between which of Earth spheres?

• Geosphere and biosphere

• Biosphere and hydrosphere

• Amosphere and geosphere

• Hydrosphere and biosphere

Multiple Choice

Flooding moves soil and rock to new places are interactions between the

• Biosphere and geosphere

• Hydrosphere and biosphere

• Geosphere and hydrosphere

• Hydrosphere and atmosphere

SC.6.E.7.6: Students will differentiate between weather and climate.

Weather vs Climate

Multiple Choice

Concord, North Carolina has very warm summers.

• Weather

• Climate

Multiple Choice

We got 3 inches of rain yesterday.

• Weather

• Climate

Multiple Choice

Today is much colder than yesterday!

• Weather

• Climate

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes weather?

• day to day conditions of the atmosphere at a place in regards to heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

• long-term conditions (months/years) of the atmosphere at a place in regards to heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes climate?

• day to day conditions of the atmosphere at a place in regards to heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

• long-term conditions (months/years) of the atmosphere at a place in regards to heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

SC.6.E.7.9: Students will describe the composition and structure of the atmosphere and how the atmosphere protects life and insulates the planet.

The Atmosphere

• SC.6.E.7.2 : Students will describe and explain how the cycling of water and global patterns influence local weather and climate. 

• SC.6.E.7.3: Describe how global patterns such as the jet stream and ocean currents influence local weather in measurable terms such as temperature, air pressure, wind direction and speed, and humidity and precipitation.

Global Weather Patterns

SC.6.E.7.1: Students will differentiate among radiation, conduction, and convection in Earth’s systems.

Coduction, Convection, & Radiation

Multiple Choice

The kind of heat transfer that travels through space in electromagnetic waves is ______________________.

• insulation.
• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection

Multiple Choice

The type of heat transfer that happens through direct contact of molecules or particles with each other is ___________________.

• Convection
• Conduction
• Radiation
• insulation.

Multiple Choice

___________________ is the type of heat transfer that occurs in fluids, such as warm air rising and cold air sinking; creating wind.

• Convection
• Conduction
• Radiation
• insulation.

Multiple Choice

Heat from warm sand at the beach moves through the atmosphere by what method of heat transfer?

• Convection
• Conduction
• Radiation
• insulation.

Multiple Choice

Marcie played with her friends out in the cold, cloudy weather, wearing her wool hat. After the group had finished building snowmen and having snowball fights, Marcie went back inside to warm up and drink some hot chocolate. When she took her hat off, she realized that it was very warm. What happened?

• The radiant energy from the sun warmed up her hat and the hat kept that heat from the sun.
• �� Her hat was warm because wool fabric is warmer than other fabrics.
• The humidity outside made her hat warm.
• Conduction between Marcie�s warm body and the hat occurred and the hat remained warm because it is an insulator.

Multiple Choice

Warm water rising in the ocean, then being replaced by cold water from below it is an example of

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

• thermification

Multiple Choice

How does conduction occur at the earth's surface?

• Radiation reaches the earth from the sun.

• The ground warms up and transfers heat to the air it is in direct contact with.

• Warm air rises, then cool air replaces it, and the cycle occurs over and over.

Multiple Choice

How do convection currents form in the atmosphere?

• Radiation reaches the earth from the sun.

• The ground warms up and transfers heat to the air it is in direct contact with.

• Warm air rises, then cool air replaces it, and the cycle occurs over and over.

SC.6.E.7.5: Students will explain how energy provided by the Sun influences global patterns of atmospheric movement and the temperature differences among air, water, and land.

Land Breezes vs Sea Breezes

Multiple Choice

Do sea breezes typically happen during the day or night?

• Day
• Night

Multiple Choice

Do land breezes typically happen during the day or night?

• Day
• Night

Multiple Choice

During a land breeze which way does the wind blow?

• from the sea to the land
• from the land to the sea

Multiple Choice

During a sea breeze which way does the wind blow?

• from the land to the sea
• from the sea to the land

Multiple Choice

Is this a land or a sea breeze?

• land breeze
• sea breeze

Multiple Choice

Is this a land or a sea breeze?

• land breeze
• sea breeze

Multiple Choice

When warm air rises, ______ pressure forms at the surface of the land or sea.

• high
• some
• low
• none

Multiple Choice

How does the air move in a land breeze?

• From east to west
• From west to east
• From the land to the ocean
• From the ocean to the land

Multiple Choice

How does the air move in a sea breeze?

• wind moves from north to south
• wind moves from ocean to the land
• wind moves from the land to the ocean
• wind moves from south to north

Multiple Choice

In a sea breeze, the air is warmer above the _____.

• land
• ocean
• sky
• beach

Multiple Choice

Land and water absorb and release the sun’s heat in different ways. One result of this is a sea breeze. Which statement is true of sea breezes?

• They originate in the day and blow toward the land.
• They originate in the day and blow toward the water.
• They originate in the evening and blow toward the land.
• They originate in the evening and blow toward the water.

Multiple Choice

What occurs when cool air moves from the beach toward the ocean during the night? 

• a land breeze 
• prevailing winds 
• a sea breeze 
• updrafts