Sugars Chemistry

What are the chemicals (nutrients) that

you use in food? (5 Points)

(3 to 4 sentences)

Starter writing

Write date and 5pts next to the

paragraph or above it.

In the name of the father, the son and the

Holy Spirit.Grant me a penetrating mind to

understand, a retentive memory, method and ease

in learning, the lucidity to comprehend, and

abundant grace in expressing myself. Guide the

beginning of my work, direct its progress, and

bring it to successful completion.

What are you made of
?

The chemicals of life

The chemicals of life

proteinproteína
lipid lípido
fat gordo
carbohydrate carbohidrato
vitamin vitamina

The chemicals of life

metabolic reactionsreacciones metabólicas

water

♦

solvent

Metabolic reactions can only take
place if the chemicals which are
reacting are dissolved in water.

♦

transportation(dissolved substance

)
nutrients
waste products

The chemicals of life

carbohydrates

♦

starch + sugars

♦

C H O

The chemicals of life

carbohydrates——sugars

monosaccharides (simple sugar)
♦

glucose C6H12O6

soluble in water

normally used in respiration (release energy)

Sugars

monosaccharidemonosacárido

The chemicals of life

carbohydrates——sugars

monosaccharides (simple sugar)
disaccharide
♦

sucrose (in plant)

Plant transport glucose

♦

maltose (malt sugar/ in plant)

soluble in water

Sugars

disaccharide disacárido
sucrosesacarosa
maltosemaltosa

The chemicals of life

carbohydrates——sugars

monosaccharides (simple sugar)
disaccharide
polysaccharide
♦

cellulose (cell wall)

♦

starch(plant store carbohydrates)

♦

glycogen(animals/ in liver and

muscles)
insoluble in water

Sugars

polysaccharidepolisacárido
glycogenglucógeno

The chemicals of life

carbohydrates——sugars

Test sugars (reducing sugar)
e.g. all monosaccharides, maltose
♦

benedict’s solution

♦

experiment steps

↓mix sugar solution with benedict’s solution
↓heat with water bath 80℃

Blue → brick red

Testing for carbohydrates

Benedict’s solution La solución de Benedicto
water bathbaño de agua
brick redRoja ladrillo

Watch video, takes notes of what you learned.

The chemicals of life

carbohydrates——sugars

Test sugars (starch)

♦

iodine solution

Orange-brown → blue black

Testing for carbohydrates

Iodine solutionsolución de yodo
orange-brown marrón anaranjado

Test for Starch experiment Watch video, make table in notebook date

it(10 points), then ask for materials to do the experiment. Be safe!

The chemicals of life

carbohydrates——sugars (10 points)

Why do organisms die if they do not have enough water?

What three elements are contained in all carbohydrates?

What is the molecular formula for glucose?

What does this tell you about a glucose molecule?

To which group of carbohydrates does each of these substances belong:
(a) glucose; (b) starch ; (c) glycogen

Write this in your notebook, label and date it! 10 points
The label is underlined Label is: Carbohydrates and Sugars (10 Points)

The chemicals of life

lipidlípido
fatty acidácido graso
glycerolglicerol

Fat

♦

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

♦

lipids (fats)

♦

3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol

♦

insoluble in water

The chemicals of life

adipose tissue tejido adiposo
walrusmorsa
insulationaislamiento

Fat

functions

♦ provide energy
cells use carbohydrates first to obtain energy then fats
♦ store energy (adipose tissue)
fat > sugar

♦ keep heat (insulation)

The chemicals of life

emulsionemulsión
ethanoletanol
dropletgotita
opaqueopaco
transparenttransparente

Fat

——ethanol emulsion test

Testing for fats and oils

1) mix food with ethanol
(fat can dissolve in ethanol)

2) Pour mixture into water
if there was any fat in the food, then the fat-ethanol
mixture breaks up into millions of tiny droplets. This
mixture is called an emulsion(white and opaque)

Test for Lipids (fat) experiment Watch video, make table in
notebook date it, (10 points) then ask for materials to do the

experiment. Be safe!

protein

The chemicals of life

amino acid aminoácido

Protein

♦

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,

nitrogen
small amounts of sulfur
♦

amino acid

20 different kinds

Protein

The chemicals of life

Protein

♦ Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
small amounts of sulfur

♦

amino acid

20 different kinds

Protein

Each protein is made of molecules with amino
acids in a precise order
Even a small difference in the order of amino
acids make a difference protein

Different sequences of amino acids result in
different shapes of protein.

The chemicals of life

antibodyanticuerpo
enzymeenzima
catalystcatalizador

functions

♦ making new cells
e.g. repairing damaged parts, cell membrane and cytoplasm

♦ antibodies

♦ enzymes (biological catalyst)

Protein

The chemicals of life

biuret testprueba de biuret
potassium hydroxide solution solución de hidróxido de potasio
copper sulfate solution solución de sulfato de cobre
reagent reactivo

Protein

——biuret test

Testing for protein

1) mix food in water

biuret test uses potassium hydroxide solution and
copper sulfate solution. You can use a ready-mixed
reagent called biuret reagent, which contains these
two substances already mixed together.

2) Adding dilute copper sulfate solution

3) Adding dilute potassium hydroxide solutions

purple

Test for Protein experiment Watch video, make table in notebook

date it, (10 Points) then think about other foods you think have

proteins - add them to the table but surround with (+) as you have

not done the experiment!

The chemicals of life

Use the PPT go back and fill in the chart from what you have learned. You can also use the internet
to research each. (10 points) Label: Chemicals of Life Chart put the date next to it.

Expand and watch: required and 2 extensions

required video

Extension 1

Extension 2

The chemicals of life

base base
bond enlace quimico

DNA

♦

genetic material

♦

two long strands (double helix)

base (A, G, C, T)
A-T, G-C

DNA—— deoxyribonucleic acid

♦ the sequence of the bases in our DNA

kinds of proteins

characteristics