The Cold War Heats Up

Cold War Expabnds

by Mariah Rens

Berlin Crisis

• ​USSR protested unification of West Germany

• ​Berlin Blockade - USSR blockade on West Berlin, stopped all travel to allied occupied zone.

  • ​Allied response to airlift in supplies.

• ​10.5 months Allies flew in supplies

• ​Became a symbol of the West's struggle against Communism

• ​Blockade ended, but Germany official became two countries

Multiple Choice

The Berlin airlift became a symbol of the West's resistance to communism

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

How did the U.S. and its allies respond to the attempted blockade during the Berlin Airlift?

• Ignored the blockade and continued normal trade
• Surrendered to the demands of the blockade
• Sent ground troops to break the blockade
• Dropped food and supplies by airplane instead

​Divided Europe

• ​Response of US and its allies to Soviet Aggression? NATO

• ​NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was designed for collective security (if you attack one, you attack all)

• ​USSR responds with Warsaw Pact alliance between the Soviet Union and its eastern communist allies.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following alliances was formed between the U.S. and its western democratic allies during the Cold War?

• SEATO
• Warsaw Pact
• OPEC
• NATO

​China

• ​Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek fight a Civil War in China

• ​Mao is communist Chiang kai-shek is backed by the US

• ​Mao wins and Chiang Kai-Shek flees to Taiwan (problems later with this)

• ​US reacted with anger and fear that communism would continue to spread (known as the Domino Theory)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the American public's response to the fall of China to communist ideology?

• Indifferent and unconcerned
• Positive and welcoming
• Excited and supportive
• Negative and fearful

Korean War

• ​North supported by Soviet Union

• ​South supported by USA + allies

• ​President Truman feared a global war began looking for a way out

• ​Stalemate led to armistice

• ​DMZ line (38th parallel) dividing line

• ​North Korea remains communist to this day, and South Korea is a democratic American ally

Multiple Choice

Why did the United States join the Korean War?

• To support South Korea and contain the spread of communism
• To test new military strategies
• To gain control of North Korean resources
• To establish a military presence in Asia

Multiple Choice

What was the outcome of the Korean War?

• Complete victory for North Korea
• Complete victory for South Korea
• Stalemate and creation of the DMZ along the 38th parallel

• Peaceful resolution and reunification of Korea

​Tools of the Cold War

• ​Foreign aid

  • ​money and assistance to gain allies

  • ​Mostly financial assistance for Pro-American, democratic states

  • Gave money to Europe to rebuild after World War II (Marshall Plan)

• ​CIA

  • ​Covert action (intelligence gathering)

  • ​Used to overthrow unfriendly or communist governments (such as the attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro in Cuba)

Multiple Choice

What was the goal of the Marshall Plan?

• To provide economic aid to rebuild Western European economies after World War II
• To establish a military alliance with Eastern European countries
• To promote communism in Western Europe
• To expand the influence of the Soviet Union in Europe

​Arms Race

• Nuclear bomb developed by US

  • ​led to race between US and USSR to develop terrifyingly powerful bombs

• ​Massive Retaliation

  • Alongside this global standoff, a strategic doctrine called Massive Retaliation played a significant role: any Soviet aggression would be met with a massive and immediate nuclear response.

• Cuban Missile Crisis: the U.S. and the Soviet Union faced off over Soviet missiles in Cuba. The world stood on the brink of nuclear war before a diplomatic resolution was reached.

Open Ended

Why do you think propaganda was so important to the fight against communism?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes President Dwight D. Eisenhower's policy of Massive Retaliation?

• A policy of avoiding any military response to aggression
• A strategy of using only conventional weapons to respond to aggression
• A plan to negotiate with hostile powers to prevent conflict
• A strategy of threatening a full-scale nuclear response to aggression by any hostile power

Multiple Choice

During the Cold War, the Cuban Missile Crisis:

• Involved a standoff over missiles in which two superpowers faced potential nuclear conflict.

• Centered on economic competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

• Occurred primarily in Africa.

• Resulted in the signing of a peace treaty between the U.S. and Cuba.