The Greeks and the Romans

Greece, Rome and Alexander the Great Review

Timeline Review

• B.C.E. = Before the Common Era

• B.C.E is before the year 0

Multiple Choice

What does B.C.E. stand for?

• Below the Common Entrance

• Before the Communist Evolution

• Before the Common Era

Timeline Review

• C.E. = the Common Era

• C.E. is after the year 0

• This year is 2021 C.E.

Multiple Choice

Which is correct for this year?

• 2021 B.C.E.

• 2021 C.E.

Ancient Greece

From 776-338 B.C.E

Multiple Choice

Was Ancient Greece before or after the year zero?

• before

• after

Ancient Greece was made of City States

People did not call themselves Greeks but identified themselves by the City State they were from.

Multiple Choice

Greece was divided into:

• City States

• Cities

• States

• Counties

Differences in Culture

The City States varied in many ways including customs, laws, and goals

Multiple Choice

What are two City States we studied (as seen on a previous slide)?

• Athens and Macedonia

• Athens and Persia

• Athens and Sparta

People of Different City States believed in the same Gods

But which God they thought was the most important depended on the place

Athens

• Athenians focused on arts, architecture, and literature

• They built thousands of temples and statues

Multiple Choice

Athens focused on art and

• military

• architecture

• agriculture

Athens

• All boys in Athens were educated

• They learned poetry, drama, public speaking, government, art, reading, writing, math, and how to play instruments

• Girls were not allowed to go to school

Athens

The government was a democracy

Multiple Choice

What kind of government did Athen's have?

• monarchy

• democracy

• oligarchy

Sparta

• Sparta was a different City State with a different approach

• Sparta was a militaristic society ruled by two kings and an oligarchy

• An oligarchy is a small group that has political control

Multiple Choice

What kind of government did Sparta have?

• republic

• democracy

• oligarchy

Sparta

• Spartan boys were taken from their families at age 7

• They underwent severe military training

• Until they were 30, boys lived in barracks, ate bland foods and went around barefoot to toughen them

• Men were expected to be ready to serve in the army until they were 60 years old

Sparta

• Women also followed a strict exercise training because Spartans believed strong women made strong babies who would be strong soldiers

Multiple Choice

The City State of Sparta emphasized:

• art

• architecture

• military

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great

• 356 BC - born northern Greece - father is the King of Macedonia

• 336 BC – Alexander becomes king at 20. Raises an army, conquers all of Greece

• 334 BC – Alexander defeats Darius III, the Persian king and claims Persian empire

Alexander the Great

• 332 BC – Alexander conquers Egypt and proclaims himself the son of God and master of the universe

• 330 BC – Alexander wins the Battle of Gaugamela, takes the Persian capital Persopolis.  Alexander named “King of Kings”

• 326 BC – Alexander begins campaign into India (today’s Pakistan). Many battles fought/reaches Himalayas

• 323 BC – Alexander returns to Babylon.  Two weeks after a night of drinking, dies at age 33. (fever?)

Alexander the Great's Empire

But only for 13 years

Why is Alexander the Great Important?

• His conquests spread Greek culture beyond the Greeks

• Hellenistic Culture: Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences

Multiple Choice

Hellenistic Culture is Greek culture blended with _______, Persian, and Indian influences

• German

• Buddhist

• Egyptian

Ancient Rome

Rome was a Monarchy for 240 years

• *A monarchy is a place ruled by kings or queens

• Rome had kings from 753 BCE to 509 BCE

Multiple Choice

A monarchy is ruled by:

• a congress or senate

• president

• kings or queens

Multiple Choice

Rome's first government was a:

• Monarchy

• Republic

• Emperor

Rome was a Republic

• *A republic is a government in which the people vote for representatives who then make decisions in the government

• Rome was a Republic from 509 BCE to 45 BCE

Multiple Choice

A republic is a government in which people elect:

• Kings

• Representatives

• Nobody

Multiple Choice

Rome's second government was a:

• Monarchy

• Republic

• Emperor

Julius Cesar was the first Emperor of Rome

He was a military commander who took power. He was later killed because people thought he was too powerful.

Roman Empire

At its peak, the Roman Empire spread over three continents

Constantine = the First Christian Emperor

In 306 CE, the Emperor of Rome became a Christian

Multiple Choice

What religion did Emperor Constantine change to?

• Polytheism

• Christianity

• Buddihism

Changes in the Roman Empire

• Before being Christians, Romans believed in many Gods. They were polytheistic.

• Some people believe that by changing to Christianity, many Romans lost their traditions and values

Multiple Choice

Religions that are polytheistic believe in:

• 0 gods

• 1 god

• Many gods

The Roman Empire splits into two parts!

In 395 CE, the Eastern and Western Empires are created.

Multiple Choice

What are the two parts of the Roman Empire after they split in 395 C.E.?

• Eastern and Western

• Eastern and Southern

• Northern and Southern

Two Roman Empires with Two Different Fates

• The Western Roman Empire had many problems.

• In 476 CE the Western Roman Empire ends when invaders take Rome.

Two Roman Empires with Two Different Fates

• The Eastern Roman Empire is renamed the Byzantine Empire

• The Byzantine Empire continues until 1453 C.E.!

Multiple Choice

What name does the Eastern Roman Empire change to?

• Northen Roman Empire

• Qin

• Byzantine