Thermodynamics Lesson

Physics with Mr. Nurzhan

Lesson objectives

11.3.2.7 - understand and describe principles of work of heat engines;
11.3.2.8 - recall and apply efficiency equation;

answer in the chat section

lets begin

THERMODYNAMICS DEALS with:

• heat

• Work

• Temperature

• Their relation to energy

• Radiation

• & Physical properties of matter.

Made Simple

Multiple Choice

What is the science or study of thermodynamics?

• Thermodynamics is the science concerned with heat and it’s movement.

• Thermodynamics is the science concerned with anything related to thermal energy.

• Thermodynamics is the science concerned with discovering new forms of energy

Multiple Choice

Thermal energy leaves my hand and warms the ice cube I am holding.

The movement of thermal energy is always from a __?__ object to a __?__ object

• from cooler object to a warmer object

• from warmer object to a cooler object

Multiple Choice

What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state?

• energy can be transformed but cannot be created or destroyed

• when energy changes form, some is converted to heat energy

• the science concerned with heat and movement

• heat energy released to the environment is thermal pollution

Multiple Choice

What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state?

• energy can be transformed but cannot be created or destroyed

• when energy changes form, some is converted to heat energy

• the science concerned with heat and movement

• heat energy released to the environment is thermal pollution

Multiple Choice

Which would have more entropy?

• Frozen ice cream
• Liquid Ice cream

Multiple Choice

The picture shows two completely identical mason jars. They're both filled with the same gas, only one of them has more in it (more molecules). What can you say about the pressures of both jars?

• P₁ > P₂ (greater pressure in jar 1)

• P₁< P₂ (greater pressure in jar 2)

• P₁ = P₂ (same pressure in both)

• There's not enough info to tell

Multiple Choice

Which is an example of decreasing entropy in a closed system?

• Boiling water

• Freezing water

• Cells in a body coming together

• Ice melting

Multiple Choice

The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the

• Zeroth law of thermodynamics
• law of heat addition
• principle of entropy
• conservation of energy

Multiple Choice

As a system becomes more disordered, entropy

• remains the same
• increases
• decreases
• cannot be determined

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true about the ENTROPY?

• Entropy refers to DISORDER, the unusable energy that escapes a system.
• Entropy refers to the balance of temperature among two or more systems.
• Entropy refers to the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
• Entropy refers to the inability to destroy or create energy. 

Multiple Choice

In an adiabatic process, what equals zero?

• Q

• W

• ΔU

• T

Multiple Choice

Symbol that indicates that energy is released.

• U

• Q

• -Q

• W

Multiple Choice

Pistons moving in a car is an example of an adiabatic process

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

In Isothermal process which property remains constant

• Volume

• Pressure

• Concentration

• Temperature

Multiple Choice

For an isovolumetric process, which of the following statements is correct?

• a. Work, heat, and internal energy all undergo changes.

• b. Work and heat balance each other, so that there is no change in internal energy.

• c. No energy is transferred as heat; internal energy change is due to work.

• d. No work is done; internal energy change is due to heat.

Multiple Choice

Heating a closed, steel container is an example of an

• Adiabatic process

• Isovolumetric process

• Isothermal process

• Isobaric process

Multiple Choice

A thermodynamic system where no exchange of heat takes place between system and surrounding is...

• Isothermal process

• Adiabatic process

• Isobaric process

• Isochoric process

Multiple Choice

When applying the first law of thermodynamics to a system, when is heat a positive quantity?

• when the system does work
• when the system has work done on it
• when the system absorbs heat
• when the system loses heat
• when no work is done either on the system or by the system

Multiple Choice

which of the following laws is applicable for the behaviour of perfect gas...

• Boyle's law

• Charle's Law

• Gas Lussac law

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Process B on the PV diagram is an ______________ process.

• adiabatic

• isobaric

• isochoric

• isothermal

Poll

After running for awhile, does your car's engine get hot & release heat into the surrounding air?

• Yes!

• No way

• I am not sure

Waste Energy is Heat Energy

The Heat Energy released from your car is WASTE energy (thermal), a product of every energy transformations.

(Energy in gas - some converts to mechanical energy and some to thermal energy)

Multiple Choice

When energy changes form, some energy is always "lost" to heat.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Waste energy-HEAT

Every time energy changes form, some of it is LOST as waste energy (waste, because it is useless). Waste energy is in the form of thermal energy.

Multiple Choice

In every transformation, some energy is lost to waste energy.

In terms of efficiency, every energy transformation is ________.

• 100% efficient

• Less than 100% efficient

• More than 100% efficient

Multiple Choice

What is thermal pollution?

• Heat released to the air & water, causing changes

• Heat used to warm up a cold area.

• A product of radiant light energy

• Pollution caused by broken thermometers

The Car is 16% Efficient - (16 useful units/100 total units) x 100%

Multiple Choice

What is efficiency?

• a measure of the useful energy we get from an energy transformation, compared to total energy

• a measure of the waste energy we get from an energy transformation, compared to total energy

Multiple Choice

A heat engine produces 3 000 J of heat during the

combustion of fuel and releases 2 000 J of heat from

its exhaust. What is the efficiency of this engine?

• 13%

• 23%

• 33%

• 43%

Multiple Choice

This is the Carnot Cycle. Which part shows adiabatic expansion?

• 4 to 3

• 1 to 2

• 1 to 4

• 2 to 1

Multiple Choice

This is the Carnot Cycle. Which part shows adiabatic compression?

• 4 to 3

• 1 to 2

• 1 to 4

• 2 to 3

Multiple Choice

This is the Carnot Cycle. Which part shows isothermal compression?

• 1 to 4

• 4 to 1

• 3 to 4

• 2 to 3

Multiple Choice

This is the Carnot Cycle. Which part shows isothermal expansion?

• 3 to 2

• 4 to 1

• 3 to 4

• 2 to 1

Multiple Choice

According to Kelvin-Planck's statement of second law of thermodynamics,

• it is impossible to construct an engine working on a cyclic process, whose sole purpose is to convert heat energy into work

• it is possible to construct an engine working on a cyclic process, whose sole purpose is to convert heat energy into work

• it is impossible to construct a device which operates in a cyclic process and produces no effect other than the transfer of heat from a cold body to a hot body

• none of the above

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the correct statement of the second law of thermodynamics?

• It is impossible to construct an engine working on a cyclic process, whose sole purpose is to convert heat energy into work.

• It is impossible to transfer heat from a body at a lower temperature to a higher temperature, without the aid of an external source

• There is a definite amount of mechanical energy, which can be obtained from a given quantity of heat energy.

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

The ideal thermodynamic cycle is called 

• the Crovener cycle
• the Carnot cycle
• the Nitrogen cycle
• the Somenoc cycle