Fragments, Run-Ons, Subject/Predicate Review

Sentence Sense:
CA #5 Remediation - part 1

By Kaitlyn Lawson

​

Module 1: The Sentence
-----> Sentence Sense

1) Sentence vs Fragments
2) Declarative
3) Imperative
4) Exclamatory
5) Interrogative

When a group of words looks like a sentence but does not express a complete thought, it is called a sentence fragment.

Sentence:
- The fruit in the bowl is too ripe.

Fragment:
- The fruit in the bowl. [This is not a complete thought. What about the fruit in the bowl?]

A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, a question mark, or an exclamation point.

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.

Examples:
- The fans at the softball game cheered wildly.
- Answer the telephone.
- Did you listen to the news this morning?
- What a wonderful surprise this is!

Multiple Choice

Identify the following group of words as either a sentence, or a fragment:

how many books by that author have you read

• Sentence

• Fragment

Multiple Choice

Identify the following group of words as either a sentence, or a fragment:

skateboarding, a popular and exciting sport

• Sentence

• Fragment

Multiple Choice

Identify the following group of words as either a sentence, or a fragment:

a plumber repaired the leaking faucet in the kitchen

• Sentence

• Fragment

Multiple Choice

Identify the following group of words as either a sentence, or a fragment:

wonderful drawings full of interesting details

• Sentence

• Fragment

Multiple Choice

Identify the following group of words as either a sentence, or a fragment:

the paper in this book was once part of a tree

• Sentence

• Fragment

Multiple Choice

Identify the following group of words as either a sentence, or a fragment:

even though the coach and the players seemed ready for the game on Saturday

• Sentence

• Fragment

Multiple Choice

Identify the following group of words as either a sentence, or a fragment:

the man cleaned the carpets

• Sentence

• Fragment

Multiple Choice

Identify the following group of words as either a sentence, or a fragment:

after running as hard as she could for several minutes

• Sentence

• Fragment

Multiple Choice

Identify the following group of words as either a sentence, or a fragment:

she left early to do her homework

• Sentence

• Fragment

Multiple Choice

Identify the following group of words as either a sentence, or a fragment:

for example, his long curly hair

• Sentence

• Fragment

• The trails can be steep and rocky.

• Elephants are the largest land animals.

• The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west.

• Shaquille O’Neal played for the Los Angeles Lakers in the 1990s and the 2000s.

Examples:

A declarative sentence makes a statement.
It is always followed by a period.

Open Ended

Create your own declarative sentence below. Use correct end punctuation.

• (You) Call the fire department!

• Write your name at the top of the paper.

• (You) Please turn off the lights.

• Finish your homework before dinner.

The subject of a command or a request is always you, although you doesn’t usually appear in the sentence. In such cases, you is called the understood subject.

An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request.
It is usually followed by a period. A strong command is followed by an exclamation point.

Examples:

Open Ended

Create your own imperative sentence below. Use correct end punctuation.

• Watch out for the car!

• This is the most exciting day of my life!

• You did an amazing job on your project!

• What an amazing athlete Simone Biles is!

An exclamatory sentence shows excitement or expresses strong feeling.
It is followed by an exclamation point.

Examples:

Open Ended

Create your own exclamatory sentence below. Use correct end punctuation.

• Did you finish your homework?

• What time does the movie start?

• What is your favorite restaurant?

• Where did you put my notebook?

An interrogative sentence asks a question.
It is always followed by a question mark.

Examples:

Open Ended

Create your own interrogative sentence below. Use correct end punctuation.

Identifying and Revising Run-On Sentences

Module 2: The Sentence
-----> Run-On Sentences

A run-on sentence is two complete sentences run together as if they were one sentence.

A comma marks a brief pause in a sentence, but if you use just a comma between two complete sentences, you create a comma splice.

To revise a run-on sentence or a comma splice, you can make two sentences, or you can use a comma and a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or or.

Examples:

RUN-ON: Michael Jordan played for the Chicago Bulls he was the team’s star player.
CORRECT: Michael Jordan played for the Chicago Bulls. He was the team’s star player.

RUN-ON: Jordan was a member of the 1992 Olympic basketball team, that year the U.S. team won a gold medal.
CORRECT: Jordan was a member of the 1992 Olympic basketball team, and that year the U.S. team won a gold medal.

Open Ended

Revise each run-on sentence by breaking it into two separate sentences or by using a comma and a coordinating conjunction:

Hurricanes are storms with fierce winds they often form over the Atlantic Ocean and parts of the Caribbean Sea.

Open Ended

Revise each run-on sentence by breaking it into two separate sentences or by using a comma and a coordinating conjunction:

The storms have a spiral shape they can be hundreds of miles across.

Open Ended

Revise each run-on sentence by breaking it into two separate sentences or by using a comma and a coordinating conjunction:

A calm area is located in the middle of a hurricane this area is called the eye.

Open Ended

Revise each run-on sentence by breaking it into two separate sentences or by using a comma and a coordinating conjunction:

High waves from the storm batter the coast, they can cause severe damage to beaches and homes near the shore

Identifying Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates

Module 3:
The Sentence
-----> Subject and Predicate

​

​

The complete predicate consists of all the words that say something about the subject.

The subject tells whom or what the sentence is about.

The complete subject consists of all the words needed to tell whom or what the sentence is about.

Ten grey stallions | jumped over the fence.

A sentence is made up of two parts: the subject and the predicate

Complete
Predicate

All of the clown’s balloons | popped.

Complete
Subject

Complete
Subject

Complete
Predicate

The predicate tells something about the subject.

• Flying as fast as it could, the hawk caught a small bird.

  • [What caught a small bird? A hawk did.]

• Will Janelle play the trombone?

  • [Who will play the trombone? Janelle will.]

Examples:

Usually, the subject comes before the predicate. Sometimes, however, the subject appears elsewhere in the sentence.
To find the subject of a sentence, ask Who? or What? before the predicate.

Multiple Choice

For the following sentence, choose the correct breakdown of the complete subject and complete predicate.

The sun dance is performed by the native peoples of the Great Plains.

• The sun dance | is performed by the native peoples of the Great Plains.

• The sun dance is performed | by the native peoples of the Great Plains.

• The sun dance is performed by the native peoples | of the Great Plains.

• The sun | dance is performed by the native peoples of the Great Plains.

Multiple Choice

For the following sentence, choose the correct breakdown of the complete subject and complete predicate.

This sacred ceremony is hundreds of years old.

• This sacred ceremony is hundreds | of years old.

• This sacred ceremony | is hundreds of years old.

• This sacred | ceremony is hundreds of years old.

• This sacred ceremony is hundreds of years | old.

Multiple Choice

For the following sentence, choose the correct breakdown of the complete subject and complete predicate.

Whole communities gather every summer to pray and dance.

• Whole communities | gather every summer to pray and dance.

• Whole communities gather | every summer to pray and dance.

• Whole communities gather every summer | to pray and dance.

• Whole communities gather every summer to pray | and dance.

Multiple Choice

For the following sentence, choose the correct breakdown of the complete subject and complete predicate.

First, spiritual leaders choose the site for the ceremony.

• First, | spiritual leaders choose the site for the ceremony.

• First, spiritual leaders | choose the site for the ceremony.

• First, spiritual leaders choose | the site for the ceremony.

• First, spiritual leaders choose the site | for the ceremony.

Multiple Choice

For the following sentence, choose the correct breakdown of the complete subject and complete predicate.

Groups of people build a large structure of posts and rafters.

• Groups of | people build a large structure of posts and rafters.

• Groups of people | build a large structure of posts and rafters.

• Groups of people build | a large structure of posts and rafters.

• Groups of people build a large structure | of posts and rafters.

Multiple Choice

For the following sentence, choose the correct breakdown of the complete subject and complete predicate.

Community members also set up a tall pole in the dancing area.

• Community members | also set up a tall pole in the dancing area.

• Community members also set up | a tall pole in the dancing area.

• Community members also set up a tall pole | in the dancing area.

• Community members also set up a tall pole in the | dancing area.

Multiple Choice

For the following sentence, choose the correct breakdown of the complete subject and complete predicate.

Young dancers paint their bodies with a variety of colors.

• Young dancers paint their bodies with a variety | of colors.

• Young dancers paint their bodies | with a variety of colors.

• Young dancers | paint their bodies with a variety of colors.

• Young | dancers paint their bodies with a variety of colors.