Transports Concepts in Biology

Transport in Humans
NA Science (Bio)

Open Ended

What are the four components of blood?

Open Ended

Name four substances that plasma transports.

Multiple Choice

For which process is blood plasma necessary?

• production of antibodies

• conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

• transport of glucose to the liver

• transport of starch to the liver

Multiple Choice

Platelets are cells.

• True

• False

Open Ended

Describe the function of platelets. [3]

Describe the function of platelets. [3]

a. prevent excessive blood loss and entry of pathogens into the bloodstream.

b. contain an enzyme that catalyses soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin threads.

c. Threads form a network that entangles red blood cells to form a clot.

Open Ended

Explain how red blood cell is adapted to its function. [2]

Explain how red blood cell is adapted to its function. [2]

a. Contains haemoglobin that binds reversibly with oxygen.

b. Biconcave shape increases surface area to volume ratio. This increases rate of absorption and release of oxygen.

c. Flexible and can change into bell-shaped structure, allows easy flow through narrow capillaries.

d. No nucleus to store more haemoglobin.

Multiple Choice

What is a role of white blood cells?

• Forming antibodies

• forming blood clots

• transporting carbon dioxide

• transporting hormones

Open Ended

Describe the function of phagocytes. [2]

Describe the function of phagocytes. [2]

a. carries out phagocytosis;

b. engulfs and destroys pathogens e.g. harmful bacteria and viruses

Open Ended

Describe the role of lymphocytes. [2]

Describe the role of lymphocytes. [2]

a. produces antibodies

b. recognises pathogens (e.g. harmful bacteria and viruses) and destroys them

c. causes pathogens to clump together for easy ingestion by phagocytes

Multiple Choice

The walls of veins are thinner than the walls of arteries. What is an explanation for this feature?

• Veins have thicker walls to withstand higher pressure
• Blood in veins are going away from the heart under low pressure.

• Veins are closer to the skin surface.

• Veins carry blood back to the heart at a lower pressure compared to arteries.

Multiple Choice

Which option correctly describes the structure of an artery?

• presence of internal valves; thick muscle tissue in wall

• presence of internal valves; thin muscle tissue in wall

• absence of internal valves; thick muscle tissue in wall

• absence of internal valves; thin muscle tissue in wall

Open Ended

Describe how capillaries are adapted to their function. [3]

Describe how capillaries are adapted to their function. [3]

a. capillary walls are partially permeable, allows substances to diffuse quickly.

b. Numerous branches provide large surface area to volume ratio, allows higher rate of diffusion of substances between blood and tissue cells

c. Total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels increases, lowers blood pressure in the capillaries. This allows blood flow to slow down, more time for diffusion.