9.10 Unit 9 Review Part 1

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​70% of Earth is covered in water

Multiple Choice

Which of the following contains the majority of Earth‘s water? (9.1)

• groundwater

• oceans

• atmosphere

• lakes and rivers

​(2) Describe the characteristics and differences between surface water and groundwater

​​(2) Describe the characteristics and differences between surface water and groundwater

Multiple Choice

What type of water is found beneath Earth‘s surface in aquifers? (9.1)

• Rainwater
• Groundwater
• Saltwater
• Surface water

Multiple Choice

What type of water is found on Earth's surface in rivers, lakes, and oceans? (9.1)

• Rainwater
• Groundwater
• Saltwater
• Surface water

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements correctly describes porosity and permeability? (9.1)

• 
  Porosity is the ability of a material to store water in glaciers and ice caps

  Permeability is the ability of the material to store groundwater in aquifers.

• Porosity is the amount of water and air passing through a material.

  Permeability is the volume of empty spaces within the material.

• 
  Porosity is the ability of water to move downward through a material

  Permeability is the ability of water to climb upward through the material.

• Porosity is the amount of open space within a material

  Permeability is the ability of a material to allow fluids to pass through.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best defines water quality? (9.3)

• 
  Water quality refers only to the biological characteristics of water, such as the presence of microorganisms.

• 
  Water quality refers solely to the chemical composition of water, such as its pH level and mineral content.

• 
  Water quality encompasses the chemical, physical, biological, and radiological characteristics of water.

• 
  Water quality is determined solely by its physical properties, such as temperature and clarity.

Match

Match the following (9.3)

• water clarity

• bacteria

• dissolved oxygen

physical

biological

chemical

• physical

• biological

• chemical

Multiple Choice

A river that was once home to a thriving fish population has recently seen a significant decline in fish numbers. At the same time, scientists have observed a decrease in the number of mayflies and an increase in pollution-tolerant worms living in the water.

What is the most likely conclusion based on these observations? (9.3)

• 
  The increase in pollution-tolerant worms has no connection to water quality.

• 
  The river's water quality has improved, supporting different species

• 
  The presence of pollution-tolerant organisms suggests declining water quality.

• 
  The decrease in mayflies and fish is due to natural population cycles, not pollution.

Multiple Choice

Long-term chemical exposure in water can cause serious health issues. Researchers found high lead and mercury levels linked to developmental delays and cognitive impairments in children.

What is the most likely source of these harmful chemicals in the water? (9.3)

• natural mineral deposits in the surrounding soil that leach into the water supply

• 
  agricultural runoff containing excess nutrients from fertilizers

• 
  improper disposal of household cleaning products into storm drains

• 
  industrial discharge containing heavy metals from nearby manufacturing plants

Multiple Choice

After a malfunction at a wastewater treatment plant, untreated sewage flows into a popular swimming lake for several days before being stopped. Shortly after, a local clinic sees a surge in medical visits from people who recently swam in the lake.

What is the most likely cause? (9.3)

• 
  The increase in medical visits is due to a seasonal flu outbreak, unrelated to the lake.

• 
  The untreated sewage has improved the water quality, leading to healthier swimmers.

• The swimmers are suffering from dehydration and exhaustion after swimming in the lake for extended periods.

• 
  The swimmers were exposed to harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, from the untreated sewage.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a common method used to assess water quality in aquatic ecosystems?

• Sampling and laboratory analysis

• Continuous monitoring stations

• Biotic surveys

• Estimating water quality by visual observation alone

Match

Match the following (9.5)

• drinking, cooking, and cleaning

• manufacturing and cooling

• irrigation and livestock

Residential Water Use

Industrial Water Use

Agricultural Water Use

• Residential Water Use

• Industrial Water Use

• Agricultural Water Use

Multiple Choice

What is the primary purpose of reservoirs? (9.5)

• to provide recreational activities such as boating and fishing

• to produce electricity

• to collect water during times of excess accumulation

• to serve as wildlife habitats

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a structure built across a river or a stream to control the flow of water? (9.5)

• an irrigation structure

• an aqueduct

• a dam

• a bridge

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains why multiple stages of treatment are necessary to produce safe drinking water? (9.5)

• Water from natural sources is already safe to drink and does not require treatment.

• Chemical disinfection is the only necessary step because it kills bacteria and viruses.

• Filtration alone is enough to remove all harmful substances from water.

• Each stage targets a specific type of contaminant, such as sediment, bacteria, or chemicals.

​Wastewater Treatment

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the role of wastewater treatment in environmental sustainability? (9.5)

• Wastewater treatment focuses solely on extracting valuable minerals and nutrients from polluted water for industrial use.

• 
  Wastewater treatment involves removing contaminants and pathogens from water sources, thereby benefitting public health and the environment.

• Wastewater treatment introduces chemicals into water sources that act as nutrients for aquatic plants.

• Wastewater treatment aims to decrease water pollution by releasing treated water directly into natural bodies.