Cell Theory and Organelles

Unit 3: Cells
Chapter 8: Cell Structure and Function

Life Is Cellular

The Discovery of the Cell

Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe living microorganisms.

The Cell Theory

• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the basic units of structure and function in

living things.

• New cells are produced from existing cells.

Multiple Choice

Robert Hooke is credited with coining the term (coming up with the word) _______.

• mitochondria

• cells

• bacteria

• atoms

Multiple Choice

Matthias Schleiden discovered which of the following organisms is made of cells?

• fungi

• bacteria

• plants

• animals

Multiple Choice

Theordore Schwann discovered which of the following organisms is made of cells?

• fungi

• bacteria

• plants

• animals

Multiple Choice

REVIEW: Who was the first person to see microorganisms using a microscope?

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• Robert Hooke

• Theodor Schwann

• Matthias Schleiden

Exploring the Cell

Most microscopes use lenses to
magnify the image of an object by
focusing light or electrons.

​Light Microscope Parts

• ​Ocular Lens

• ​Stage

• ​Objective Lenses

• ​Diaphragm

• ​Coarse Adjustment Knob

• ​Fine Adjustment Knob

• ​Light

Electron Microscopes

Electron microscopes
are used to view
things as small as a
virus or even
DNA structure

Micrographs

A micrograph is a photo of an object seen through
a microscope.

Light Microscope

Transmission Electron

Microscope

Scanning Electron

Microscope

Cell Size

Certain units of measurement are used for
tiny objects, such as cells.

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Nucleus

Nucleus

Cell Membrane

Cell Membrane

Cell Membrane

Multiple Select

Select from the answer choices below the THREE COMPONENTS of the CELL THEORY

• All cells are produced (made by) other cells

• All living things are made of cells

• Cells are found in rocks

• Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

Multiple Choice

This cell has a nucleus, that means it is ...

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

Multiple Choice

Which cell is more complex?

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

Cell Structure

Exploring Cell Organelles

Nucleus

The nucleus controls most cell processes and contains DNA.

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Organelles That Build Proteins

1. Proteins are
assembled on ribosomes.

2. Some proteins complete
their assembly on the rough
endoplasmic reticulum.

3. Proteins are carried
to the Golgi apparatus
in vesicles.

Organelles That Build Proteins

4. The Golgi apparatus
sorts and packages
proteins.

5. Vesicles are shipped
to their final destination.

Making Proteins: Review

Nucleus

Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum

Ribosome

Protein

Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum

Cytoplasm

Cell membrane

Vesicle

Golgi
apparatus

Vacuoles, Vesicles, and Lysosomes

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Cytoskeleton

Microtubules

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts capture energy from
sunlight and convert it into food that
contains chemical energy.

Plant Cell

Mitochondria

Mitochondria convert chemical energy
from food into compounds the cell can use.

This process is called cellular respiration.

Cellular Boundaries

Cell Membranes

Cell Walls

Cell Membranes

Multiple Choice

A thin, flexible layer that is found in all cells and separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment.

• protein coat

• protein membrane

• cell membrane

• nucleolus

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the vacuole?

• Sac that stores water, nutrients, and waste products

• Jelly-like substance within the plasma membrane

• Sac filled with digestive chemicals

• Stack of membranes that packages chemicals

Multiple Choice

What organelle is called the "powerhouse" of the cell?

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

• Nucleolus

Multiple Choice

I make proteins for the cell. What am I?

• ribosome

• chloroplast

• mitochondria

• lysosome

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the nucleus?

• Structure that organizes motion of chromosomes

• Membrane that surrounds and protects the cell

• Structure that stores genetic information and directs the cell

• Stack of membranes that packages chemicals

Multiple Choice

A rigid layer that lies outside the cell's membrane is...

• cytoskeleton

• cilia

• flagella

• cell wall

Multiple Choice

Where does photosynthesis occur?

• mitochondria

• xylem

• stomata

• chloroplast